JavaScript目前的版本中,没有枚举这个概念(当然,ECMA-262第三版中已经将enum作为关键字保留)。然而,如同JavaScript中没有class一样,但我们仍然可以通过间接的方式——JSON来实现它。

如下,我们来定义Week的枚举:

        if(typeof WeekDay == "undefined"){

            var WeekDay = {};

            WeekDay.Sunday = 0;

            WeekDay.Monday = 1;

            WeekDay.Tuesday = 2;

            WeekDay.Wedesay = 3;

            WeekDay.Thursday = 4;

            WeekDay.Friday = 5;

            WeekDay.Saturday = 6;

        }

测试如下:

            alert(WeekDay.Monday);  // -----> Output: 1

 

当然,我们有更为直观的方式。以定义DOM文档节点类型为例,定义方式如下:

        if(typeof Node == "undefined"){

            var Node = {

                ELEMENT_NODE: 1,

                ATTRIBUTE_NODE: 2,

                TEXT_NODE: 3,

                CDATA_SECTION_NODE: 4,

                ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE: 5,

                ENTITY_NODE: 6,

                PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE: 7,

                COMMENT_NODE: 8,

                DOCUMENT_NODE: 9,

                DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE: 10,

                DOCUMENT_FRAGEMENT_NODE: 11,

                NOTATION_NODE: 12

            }

        }

测试如下:

            alert(document.nodeType == Node.DOCUMENT_NODE);  // -----> Output: true

说明,以上Node定义可作为纠正IE不支持DOM节点类型常量用(其他主流浏览器均支持)。

 

与类C语言类似,以上2个例子的枚举对应属性值均为整形。你可能想到,难道还能定义成别的类型?要回答这个问题,得先知道咱们这个枚举实现的原理。前面说到,这里是用JSON来实现的,而JSON可以使用任何类型的值!所以,Js中的枚举可以是任何类型的值。以下以String类型为例:

        if(typeof Color == "undefined"){

            var Color = {

                Color1: 'red',

                Color2: 'green',

                Color3: 'white',

                Color4: 'black'

            }

        }

测试如下:

        alert(Color.Color1);  // -----> Output: red

 

以更为复杂的类型来定义一个PersonList枚举如下:

        if(typeof PersonList == "undefined"){

            var PersonList = {

                ZhangSan: {

                    Id: 1,

                    Name: 'ZhangSan',

                    Gender: 'man'

                },

                LiSi: {

                    Id: 2,

                    Name: 'LiSi',

                    Gender: 'woman'

                },

                ZhaoWu: {

                    Id: 3,

                    Name: 'ZhaoWu',

                    Gender: 'man'

                }

            }

        }

测试结果如下图:

                  

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关于JSON,大家可以参阅:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON