Mybatis的动态SQL详解

使用动态SQL完成多条件查询

动态SQL是MyBatis的一个强大的特性。动态SQL基于OGNL的表达式。实现动态SQL的元素如下。

  • if:利用if实现简单的条件选择
  • choose(when,otherwise):相当于Java中的switch语句,通常与when和otherwise搭配
  • where:简化SQL语句中where的条件判断。
  • set:解决动态更新语句 trim:可以灵活地去除多余的关键字
  • foreach:迭代一个集合,通常用于in条件

使用if+where实现条件查询

1.if 多添加查询
修改UserMapper.xml文件

<select id="getUserList" resultMap="userList">
    SELECT u.*,r.roleName FROM USER u,Role r WHERE u.userRole=r.id
    <if test="userRole!=null">
        AND u.userRole=#{userRole}
    </if>
    <if test="userName!=null and userName!=''">
        AND u.userName LIKE concat('%',#{userName},'%')  
    </if> 
 </select>
 注:尽量避免用*此处作为演示

修改接口中的方法

List<User> getUserList(@Param("userRole")Integer roleId,@Param("userName")String userName);

编写测试

SqlSession sqlSession=null;
try{
    sqlSession=MyBatisUtil.createSqlSession();
    List<User> userList=sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class).getUserList(2,null);
    for (User user: userList) {
        System.out.println(user.getUserName());
    }
}catch (Exception ex){
    ex.printStackTrace();
}finally {
    MyBatisUtil.closeSqlSession(sqlSession);
}

2.where

where元素标签会自动识别标签内是否有返回值,若有,就插入一个where,此外,若该标签返回的内容是and或者or卡头的,会自动剔除

<!--注意开启自动映射-->
<select id="getUserList" resultType="User">
    SELECT * FROM USER
    <where>
        <if test="userName!=null and userName!=''">
            AND userName LIKE concat('%',#{userName},'%')
        </if>
        <if test="userRole!=null">
            AND userRole=#{userRole}
        </if>
    </where>
</select>

编写测试

SqlSession sqlSession=null;
try{
    sqlSession=MyBatisUtil.createSqlSession();
    Integer roleId=1;
    String userName="";     List<User> 
userList=sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class).getUserList(roleId,userName);
    for (User user: userList) {
        System.out.println(user.getUserName());
    }
}catch (Exception ex){
    ex.printStackTrace();
}finally {
    MyBatisUtil.closeSqlSession(sqlSession);
}

3. 使用if+trim实现多条件查询

trim会自动识别其标签内是否有返回值,加入前缀或后缀

<select id="getUserList" resultType="User">
    SELECT * FROM USER
    <trim prefix="where" prefixOverrides="and | or">
        <if test="userName!=null and userName!=''">
            AND userName LIKE concat('%',#{userName},'%')
        </if>
        <if test="userRole!=null">
            AND userRole=#{userRole}
        </if>
    </trim>
</select>

prefix:前缀,作用是通过自动识别是否有返回值后,在trim包含的内容上加上前缀,如此处的 where
suffix:后缀,作用是在trim包含的内容上加上后缀
prefixOverrides:对于trim包含内容的首部进行指定内容(如此处的"and | or")的忽略
suffixOverrides:对用trim包含的内容的首尾进行指定内容的忽略

2 使用动态SQL实现更新操作

使用if+set改造更新操作
set元素主要用于更新操作,在包含的语句前输出一个set,若包含的语句逗号结尾,自动忽略逗号

<update id="modify" parameterType="User">
    UPDATE USER
     <set>
         <if test="userCode!=null">userCode=#{userCode},</if>
         <if test="userName!=null">userName=#{userName},</if>
         <if test="userPassword!=null">userPassword=#{userPassword},</if>
         <if test="gender!=null">gender=#{gender},</if>
         <if test="phone!=null">phone=#{phone},</if>
         <if test="address!=null">address=#{address},</if>
         <if test="userRole!=null">userRole=#{userRole},</if>
         <if test="modifyBy!=null">modifyBy=#{modifyBy},</if>
         <if test="modifyDate!=null">modifyDate=#{modifyDate},</if>
         <if test="birthday!=null">birthday=#{birthday},</if>    
         </set>
    WHERE id=#{id}
</update>

使用if+trim改造修改操作

<update id="modify" parameterType="User">
    UPDATE USER
     <trim prefix="set" suffixOverrides="," suffix="where id=#{id}">
         <if test="userCode!=null">userCode=#{userCode},</if>
         <if test="userName!=null">userName=#{userName},</if>
         <if test="userPassword!=null">userPassword=#{userPassword},</if>
         <if test="gender!=null">gender=#{gender},</if>
         <if test="phone!=null">phone=#{phone},</if>
         <if test="address!=null">address=#{address},</if>
         <if test="userRole!=null">userRole=#{userRole},</if>
         <if test="modifyBy!=null">modifyBy=#{modifyBy},</if>
         <if test="modifyDate!=null">modifyDate=#{modifyDate},</if>
         <if test="birthday!=null">birthday=#{birthday},</if>    
         </trim>
</update>

3 使用foreach完成复杂查询

foreach主要用在构建in条件中,在sql语句中迭代一个集合。它的主要属性有,item、index、 collection、separator、close、open。

1.MyBatis入参为数组类型的foreach类型
编写接口

List<User> getUserByRoleId_foreach_array(Integer[] roleIds);

修改UserMapper.xml

<resultMap id="userMapByRole" type="User">
    <id property="id" column="id"/>
    <result property="userCode" column="userCode"/>
    <result property="userName" column="userName"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getUserByRoleId_foreach_array" resultMap="userMapByRole">
    SELECT * FROM USER WHERE userRole IN
    <foreach collection="array" item="roleIds" open="(" separator="," close=")">
        #{roleIds}
    </foreach>
</select>

编写测试

SqlSession sqlSession=null;
List<User> userList=new ArrayList<User>(); Integer[] roleIds={2,3}; try{
    sqlSession=MyBatisUtil.createSqlSession();
    
userList=sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class).getUserByRoleId_foreach_array(roleIds); }catch (Exception ex){
    ex.printStackTrace();
}finally {
    MyBatisUtil.closeSqlSession(sqlSession);
}
for (User user:      userList) {
    System.out.println(user.getUserName()+"\t"+user.getAddress());
}

item:表示集合中每一个元素进行迭代时的别名
index:指定一个名称,用于表示在迭代过程中,每次迭代到的位置
open:表示该语句以什么开始(in语句以"("开始)
separator:表示在每次迭代之间以什么符号做分割符
close:表示该语句以什么结束
collection:必须指定,入参为单参类型是List时,collection属性值为list;入参为单参是数组时,为 array;若为多参,需封装Map
parameterType可以不配置,MyBatis会自动封装为Map传入。

在接口中添加方法
List<User> getUserByRoleId_foreach_list(List<Integer> roleList);

修改UserMapper.xml

<resultMap id="userMapByRole" type="User">
    <id property="id" column="id"/>
    <result property="userCode" column="userCode"/>
    <result property="userName" column="userName"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getUserByRoleId_foreach_list" resultMap="userMapByRole">
    SELECT * FROM USER WHERE userRole IN
    <foreach collection="list" item="roleIds" open="(" separator="," close=")">
        #{roleIds}     </foreach>
</select>

编写测试

SqlSession sqlSession=null;
List<User> userList=new ArrayList<User>(); List<Integer> nums=new ArrayList<Integer>(); nums.add(1); nums.add(2); try{
    sqlSession=MyBatisUtil.createSqlSession();
    userList=sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class).getUserByRoleId_foreach_list(nums); }catch (Exception ex){
    ex.printStackTrace();
}finally {
    MyBatisUtil.closeSqlSession(sqlSession);
}
for (User user:
        userList) {
    System.out.println(user.getUserName()+"\t"+user.getAddress());
}

3.MyBatis入参为Map类型的foreach迭代

处理多个参数入参,编写接口中的方法

List<User> getUserByConditionMap_foreach_map(Map<String,Object> conditionMap); 

修改UserMapper.xml

<select id="getUserByConditionMap_foreach_map" resultMap="userMapByRole">
    SELECT * FROM USER WHERE gender=#{gender} AND userRole IN
    <foreach collection="roleIds" item="roleMap" open="(" separator="," close=")">         #{roleMap}
    </foreach>
</select>

编写测试

SqlSession sqlSession = null;
List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>();
Map<String, Object> param = new HashMap<String, Object>(); List<Integer> roleList = new ArrayList<Integer>(); roleList.add(1); roleList.add(2); param.put("gender",2); param.put("roleIds",roleList); try {
    sqlSession = MyBatisUtil.createSqlSession();
    userList = 
sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class).getUserByConditionMap_foreach_map(param); } catch (Exception ex) {
    ex.printStackTrace();
} finally {
    MyBatisUtil.closeSqlSession(sqlSession);
}
for (User user :         userList) {
    System.out.println(user.getUserName() + "\t" + user.getAddress());
}

剖析知识点

1) MyBatis接受的参数类型:基本类型、对象、List、数组、Map
2) 无论MyBatis的入参是哪种数据类型,MyBatis都会将参数放在一个Map中,对于单参数入参的情况:

  • 若入参为基本类型:变量名作为key,变量值为value,此时生成的Map只有一个元素若入
  • 若入参为List:默认“list”作为key,该List即为value 若入参为数组:默认“array”作为key,该数组即为value 若入参为Map:键值不变

4. choose (when、otherwise)

choose可以选择其中一种情况下的查询结果,流程和switch相同编写接口方法

List<User> getUserList_choose(@Param("userName")String userName,@Param("userRole")Integer roleId,
                              @Param("userCode")String userCode,@Param("creationDate")Date creationDate);

修改UserMapper.xml

<select id="getUserList_choose" resultType="User">
    SELECT * from USER WHERE 1=1
    <choose>
        <when test="userName!=null and userName!=''">
            AND userName=#{userName}
        </when>
        <when test="userCode!=null and userCode!=''">
            AND userCode LIKE concat('%',#{userCode},'%')
        </when>
        <when test="userRole!=null and userRole!=''">
            AND userRole=#{userRole}
        </when>
        <otherwise>
            AND YEAR(creationDate)=YEAR(#{creationDate})         </otherwise>
    </choose>
</select>

编写测试

String userName="";
Integer roleId=1;
String userCode="";
Date  creationDate=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse("2018-2-7");
SqlSession sqlSession = null;
List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>();
try {
    sqlSession = MyBatisUtil.createSqlSession();
    userList = 
sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class).getUserList_choose(userName,roleId,userCode,null); } catch (Exception ex) {
    ex.printStackTrace();
} finally {
    MyBatisUtil.closeSqlSession(sqlSession);
}
for (User user :         userList) {
    System.out.println(user.getUserName() + "\t" + user.getAddress());
}

4.MyBatis实现分页功能

  1. 使用聚合函数count() 获得总记录数(在之前的示例中已经完成)
    UserMapper.java
    int count();

2)实现分页,通过limit(起始位置,页面容量) 修改UserMapper.java,增加分页方法

List<User> getUserList(@Param("userName")String userName,
                       @Param("userRole")Integer roleId,
                       @Param("from")Integer currentPageNo,
                       @Param("pageSize")Integer pageSize);

编写UserMapper.xml

<select id="getUserList" resultType="User">
    SELECT u.*,r.roleName FROM USER u,role r WHERE u.userRole=r.id
    <if test="userRole!=null">
        AND u.userRole=#{userRole}
    </if>
    <if test="userName!=null and userName!=''">
        AND u.userName LIKE concat('%',#{userName},'%')
    </if>
    ORDER BY creationDate DESC limit #{from},#{pageSize}
</select>

编写测试代码

SqlSession sqlSession = null; 
try {
    sqlSession = MyBatisUtil.createSqlSession();
    List<User> userList = 
sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class).getAddressListByUserId(1);
    for (User user : userList) {
        System.out.println(user.getUserName());         List<Address> addresses = user.getAddressList();         for (Address address :
                addresses) {
            System.out.println("--- " + address.getContact());
        }
    }
} catch (Exception ex) {
    ex.printStackTrace();
} finally {
    MyBatisUtil.closeSqlSession(sqlSession);
}

posted @ 2018-11-09 15:20  DJstudio  阅读(1053)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报