python 多线程爬虫

环境搭建

1. requests：获取数据
2. lxml：解析数据

 

本次爬去糗事百科，爬取地址：http://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/1/

python3 代码示例

import requests
import threading
from queue import Queue
from lxml import etree
import json

class Thread_Crawl(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self,threadName,pageQueue,dataQueue):
        super().__init__()
        self.threadName = threadName
        self.pageQueue = pageQueue
        self.dataQueue = dataQueue
        self.headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36'}

    def run(self):
        print("%s启动了" % self.threadName)
        while not self.pageQueue.empty():
            url = self.pageQueue.get()
            res = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers).text
            if not self.dataQueue.full():
                self.dataQueue.put(res)
        print("%s结束了" % self.threadName)

class Thread_Parse(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self,threadName,dataQueue,lock,file):
        super().__init__()
        self.threadName = threadName
        self.dataQueue = dataQueue
        self.lock = lock
        self.file = file

    def run(self):
        print("%s启动了"%self.threadName)
        while not self.dataQueue.empty():
            html = etree.HTML(self.dataQueue.get())
            self.parse(html)
        print("%s结束了" % self.threadName)

    def parse(self,html):
        print(html.text)
        node_list = html.xpath('//div[contains(@id, "qiushi_tag")]')
        for node in node_list:
            username = node.xpath('./div/a/@title')[0]
            image = node.xpath('.//div[@class="thumb"]//@src'  )  # [0]
            content = node.xpath('.//div[@class="content"]/span')[0].text
            zan = node.xpath('.//i')[0].text
            comments = node.xpath('.//i')[1].text
            items = {
                "username" : username,
                "image" : image,
                "content" : content,
                "zan" : zan,
                "comments" : comments
            }
            with self.lock:
                self.file.write(json.dumps(items) + "\n")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    pageQueue = Queue(11)
    dataQueue = Queue()
    lock = threading.Lock()
    file = open("data.json", "a")

    for x in range(1,3):
        url = 'http://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/' + str(x) + '/'
        pageQueue.put(url)

    CrawlList = ['采集线程1','采集线程2','采集线程3']
    for crawlName in CrawlList:
        thread = Thread_Crawl(crawlName,pageQueue,dataQueue)
        thread.start()
        thread.join()

    ParseList = ['解析线程1', '解析线程2', '解析线程3']
    for parseName in ParseList:
        thread = Thread_Parse(parseName, dataQueue,lock,file)
        thread.start()
        thread.join()

    with lock:
        file.close()

Python 2 代码示例

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

# 使用了线程库
import threading
# 队列
from Queue import Queue
# 解析库
from lxml import etree
# 请求处理
import requests
# json处理
import json
import time

class ThreadCrawl(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, threadName, pageQueue, dataQueue):
        #threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        # 调用父类初始化方法
        super(ThreadCrawl, self).__init__()
        # 线程名
        self.threadName = threadName
        # 页码队列
        self.pageQueue = pageQueue
        # 数据队列
        self.dataQueue = dataQueue
        # 请求报头
        self.headers = {"User-Agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0;"}

    def run(self):
        print "启动 " + self.threadName
        while not CRAWL_EXIT:
            try:
                # 取出一个数字，先进先出
                # 可选参数block，默认值为True
                #1. 如果对列为空，block为True的话，不会结束，会进入阻塞状态，直到队列有新的数据
                #2. 如果队列为空，block为False的话，就弹出一个Queue.empty()异常，
                page = self.pageQueue.get(False)
                url = "http://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/" + str(page) +"/"
                #print url
                content = requests.get(url, headers = self.headers).text
                time.sleep(1)
                self.dataQueue.put(content)
                #print len(content)
            except:
                pass
        print "结束 " + self.threadName

class ThreadParse(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, threadName, dataQueue, filename, lock):
        super(ThreadParse, self).__init__()
        # 线程名
        self.threadName = threadName
        # 数据队列
        self.dataQueue = dataQueue
        # 保存解析后数据的文件名
        self.filename = filename
        # 锁
        self.lock = lock

    def run(self):
        print "启动" + self.threadName
        while not PARSE_EXIT:
            try:
                html = self.dataQueue.get(False)
                self.parse(html)
            except:
                pass
        print "退出" + self.threadName

    def parse(self, html):
        # 解析为HTML DOM
        html = etree.HTML(html)

        node_list = html.xpath('//div[contains(@id, "qiushi_tag")]')

        for node in node_list:
            # xpath返回的列表，这个列表就这一个参数，用索引方式取出来，用户名
            username = node.xpath('./div/a/@title')[0]
            # 图片连接
            image = node.xpath('.//div[@class="thumb"]//@src')#[0]
            # 取出标签下的内容,段子内容
            content = node.xpath('.//div[@class="content"]/span')[0].text
            # 取出标签里包含的内容，点赞
            zan = node.xpath('.//i')[0].text
            # 评论
            comments = node.xpath('.//i')[1].text

            items = {
                "username" : username,
                "image" : image,
                "content" : content,
                "zan" : zan,
                "comments" : comments
            }

            # with 后面有两个必须执行的操作：__enter__ 和 _exit__
            # 不管里面的操作结果如何，都会执行打开、关闭
            # 打开锁、处理内容、释放锁
            with self.lock:
                # 写入存储的解析后的数据
                self.filename.write(json.dumps(items, ensure_ascii = False).encode("utf-8") + "\n")

CRAWL_EXIT = False
PARSE_EXIT = False


def main():
    # 页码的队列，表示20个页面
    pageQueue = Queue(20)
    # 放入1~10的数字，先进先出
    for i in range(1, 21):
        pageQueue.put(i)

    # 采集结果(每页的HTML源码)的数据队列，参数为空表示不限制
    dataQueue = Queue()

    filename = open("duanzi.json", "a")
    # 创建锁
    lock = threading.Lock()

    # 三个采集线程的名字
    crawlList = ["采集线程1号", "采集线程2号", "采集线程3号"]
    # 存储三个采集线程的列表集合
    threadcrawl = []
    for threadName in crawlList:
        thread = ThreadCrawl(threadName, pageQueue, dataQueue)
        thread.start()
        threadcrawl.append(thread)


    # 三个解析线程的名字
    parseList = ["解析线程1号","解析线程2号","解析线程3号"]
    # 存储三个解析线程
    threadparse = []
    for threadName in parseList:
        thread = ThreadParse(threadName, dataQueue, filename, lock)
        thread.start()
        threadparse.append(thread)

    # 等待pageQueue队列为空，也就是等待之前的操作执行完毕
    while not pageQueue.empty():
        pass

    # 如果pageQueue为空，采集线程退出循环
    global CRAWL_EXIT
    CRAWL_EXIT = True

    print "pageQueue为空"

    for thread in threadcrawl:
        thread.join()
        print "1"

    while not dataQueue.empty():
        pass

    global PARSE_EXIT
    PARSE_EXIT = True

    for thread in threadparse:
        thread.join()
        print "2"

    with lock:
        # 关闭文件
        filename.close()
    print "谢谢使用！"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()