2021年10月13日

 

LOGO

Author:Exchanges

Version:9.0.2

一、Xml方式访问数据库


1.1 Spring的JdbcTemplate

Spring的JdbcTemplate(了解会用) 在Spring中提供了一个可以操作数据库的对象org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate,对象封装了jdbc技术,JDBC的模板对象与DBUtils中的QueryRunner非常相似.

测试: 在pom.xml中导入依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
    <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

编写测试类:

JdbcTemplate jt = new JdbcTemplate();
jt.setDataSource(dataSource);

List<User> list = jt.query("select * from user where id =?",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class),1);

System.out.println(list.get(0));

//jt.update("delete from user where id =?",4);

1.2 创建user表并添加数据

CREATE TABLE USER(
id INT,
username VARCHAR(20),
PASSWORD VARCHAR(20)
)
   
INSERT INTO USER(id,username,PASSWORD) VALUES(1001,'jack','123');
INSERT INTO USER(id,username,PASSWORD) VALUES(1002,'rose','456');
INSERT INTO USER(id,username,PASSWORD) VALUES(1003,'tom','789');

1.3 pom.xml导入相关依赖

<dependencies>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
       <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
       <VERSION>1.18.12</VERSION>
   </dependency>

   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
       <VERSION>5.2.6.RELEASE</VERSION>
   </dependency>

   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
       <VERSION>5.2.6.RELEASE</VERSION>
   </dependency>

   <dependency>
       <groupId>mysql</groupId>
       <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
       <VERSION>8.0.20</VERSION>
   </dependency>

   <dependency>
       <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
       <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
       <VERSION>1.1.19</VERSION>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>junit</groupId>
       <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
       <VERSION>4.12</VERSION>
       <scope>test</scope>
   </dependency>
</dependencies>

1.3 编写pojo

package com.qf.pojo;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class User {

   private Integer id;
   private String name;
   private String password;

}

1.4 编写UserDao以及UserDaoImpl

package com.qf.dao;

import com.qf.pojo.User;

import java.util.List;

public interface UserDao {

   List<User> findAll();
}
package com.qf.dao.impl;

import com.qf.dao.UserDao;
import com.qf.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

   private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

   public List<User> findAll() {

       return  jdbcTemplate.query("select * from user",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class));

  }

   public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
       this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
  }
}

1.5 编写UserService以及UserServiceImpl

package com.qf.service;

import com.qf.pojo.User;

import java.util.List;

public interface UserService {

   List<User> findAll();
}
package com.qf.service.impl;

import com.qf.dao.UserDao;
import com.qf.pojo.User;
import com.qf.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    private UserDao userDao;

    public List<User> findAll() {
        return userDao.findAll();
    }

    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }
}

1.6 编写UserController

package com.qf.cotroller;

import com.qf.pojo.User;
import com.qf.service.UserService;

import java.util.List;

public class UserController {

    private UserService userService;

    public List<User> findAll(){

        return userService.findAll();
    }

    public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }
}

1.7 jdbc.properties配置文件

jdbc.username = root
jdbc.password= root
jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql:///java2001?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
jdbc.driverClassName = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

1.8 applicationContext.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

        <!-- 引入jdbc.properties配置文件 -->
        <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

        <!-- 配置druid数据库连接池 -->
        <bean name="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
                <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
                <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
                <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
                <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"></property>
        </bean>

        <!-- 配置spring的jdbcTemplate-->
        <bean name="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
                <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        </bean>

        <!-- dao -->
        <bean name="userDao" class="com.qf.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
                <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"></property>
        </bean>

        <!-- service -->
        <bean name="userService" class="com.qf.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
                <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
        </bean>

        <!-- controller -->
        <bean name="userController" class="com.qf.cotroller.UserController">
                <property name="userService" ref="userService"></property>
        </bean>

</beans>

1.9 测试

package com.qf.test;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.vendor.SybaseExceptionSorter;
import com.qf.cotroller.UserController;
import com.qf.pojo.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import java.util.List;

public class TestUserController {

    @Test
    public void test_findAll(){

        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext applicationContext =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

        UserController userController =
                (UserController)applicationContext.getBean("userController");

        List<User> list = userController.findAll();

        System.out.println(list);
    }
}

二、注解方式访问数据库


2.1 Spring中的注解

@Configuration ​ 作用:指定当前类是一个配置类 ​ 细节:当配置类作为AnnotationConfigApplicationContext对象创建的参数时,该注解可以不写。

@ComponentScan 作用:用于通过注解指定spring在创建容器时要扫描的包 属性:value:它和basePackages的作用是一样的,都是用于指定创建容器时要扫描的包。 等同于xml中: <context:component-scan base-package="com.qf"/>

@PropertySource 作用:用于指定properties文件的位置 属性:value:指定文件的名称和路径。 关键字:classpath,表示类路径下

等同于xml中: <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

@Bean ​ 作用:用于把当前方法的返回值作为bean对象存入spring的ioc容器中 ​ 属性:name:用于指定bean的id。当不写时,默认值是当前方法的名称 ​ 细节:当我们使用注解配置方法时,如果方法有参数,在参数前加:@Qualifier("@Bean注解中name的值"),spring框架会去容器中查找有没有可用的bean对象查找的方式和Autowired注解的作用是一样的。

 @Bean("dataSource1")
 public DataSource getDataSource1(){
  try{
      Properties pro = new Properties();
      pro.setProperty("url",url);
      pro.setProperty("username",username);
      pro.setProperty("password",password);
      pro.setProperty("driverClassName",driver);

      DataSource dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);
      return dataSource;
      
  } catch (Exception e){
  }
     return null;
 }

 @Bean("dataSource2")
 public DataSource getDataSource2(){
     try{
         Properties pro = new Properties();
         pro.setProperty("url",url);
         pro.setProperty("username",username);
         pro.setProperty("password",password);
         pro.setProperty("driverClassName",driver);

         DataSource dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);
         return dataSource;

     } catch (Exception e){
     }
     return null;
 }

 @Bean("dataSource")
 public DataSource getDataSource(@Qualifier("dataSource1") DataSource ds){
     return ds;
 }

@Import ​ 作用:用于导入其他的配置类 ​ 属性:value:用于指定其他配置类的字节码。 ​ 当我们使用Import的注解之后,有Import注解的类就父配置类,而导入的都是子配置类

等同于xml中: <import resource="xxx.xml"></import>

2.2 创建pojo,dao,service,controller

使用@Repository,@Service,@Controller以及@Autowired 配置所需代码

2.3 创建jdbc.properties配置文件

jdbc.username = root
jdbc.password= root
jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql:///java2001?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
jdbc.driverClassName = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

2.4 创建SpringConfiguration.java作为注解配置类,它的作用和bean.xml是一样的

package com.qf.config;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.Properties;


@PropertySource(value = "classpath:jdbc.properties")
@ComponentScan("com.qf")
@Configuration
public class SpringConfiguration {

    @Value("${jdbc.driverClassName}")
    private String driverClassName;

    @Value("${jdbc.url}")
    private String url;

    @Value("${jdbc.username}")
    private String username;

    @Value("${jdbc.password}")
    private String password;

    @Bean("jdbcTemplate")
    public JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate(){

        try{
            Properties pro = new Properties();
            pro.setProperty("url",url);
            pro.setProperty("username",username);
            pro.setProperty("password",password);
            pro.setProperty("driverClassName",driverClassName);

            DataSource dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);

            JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
            return jdbcTemplate;

        } catch (Exception e){

        }
        return null;
    }
}

2.5 使用Spring整合junit测试

2.5.1 导入spring整合junit坐标
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
    <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
2.5.2 使用Junit提供的一个注解把原有的main方法替换了,替换成spring提供的
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
2.5.3 告知spring的运行器,spring和ioc创建是基于xml还是注解的,并且说明位置

@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml") locations:指定xml文件的位置,classpath关键字表示在类路径下

@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfiguration.class) classes:指定注解配置类(需要手动编写配置类)

注意:当我们使用spring 5.x版本的时候,要求junit的jar必须是4.12及以上,spring版本必须保持一致

2.7 编写测试类进行测试

package com.qf.test;

import com.qf.config.SpringConfiguration;
import com.qf.cotroller.UserController;
import com.qf.pojo.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import java.util.List;


@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfiguration.class)
public class TestUserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserController userController;

    @Test
    public void test_findAll() throws Exception{

        List<User> list = userController.findAll();

        System.out.println(list);

    }

}



posted @ 2021-10-14 09:21  张三疯321  阅读(115)  评论(0)    收藏  举报