linux 命令使用1--ps

1. 参数意义

    • a:

　　　　　　所有进程

　　　　　　Select all processes except both session leaders (see getsid(2)) and processes not associated with a terminal.

    • u:

　　　　　　显示所有包含其他使用者的进程

    • x:

　　　　　　通常与a 这个参数一起使用，可列出较完整信息。

    • e:

　　　　　　所有进程

　　　　　　Select all processes.  Identical to -A.

    • f:

　　　　　　完整格式列出

　　　　　　Do full-format listing. This option can be combined with many other UNIX-style options to add additional columns.  It also causes the command arguments to be printed.  When

              　used with -L, the NLWP (number of threads) and LWP (thread ID) columns will be added.  See the c option, the format keyword args, and the format keyword comm.

 

2. 常用

2.1. ps aux—Unix Style 

zhancj@iZbp10j40ovkbwx9an9ppuZ:~$ ps -aux
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root         1  0.0  0.0 227224  7620 ?        Ss    2020  38:56 /sbin/init noibrs splash
root         2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S     2020   0:12 [kthreadd]
root         4  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<    2020   0:00 [kworker/0:0H]
root         6  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<    2020   0:00 [mm_percpu_wq]
root         7  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S     2020  60:22 [ksoftirqd/0]
root         8  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I     2020 660:40 [rcu_sched]
root         9  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I     2020   0:00 [rcu_bh]

 

显示列名：

USER      //用户名
%CPU      //进程占用的CPU百分比
%MEM      //占用内存的百分比
VSZ       //该进程使用的虚拟內存量（KB）
RSS       //该进程占用的固定內存量（KB）（驻留中页的数量）
STAT      //进程的状态
START     //该进程被触发启动时间
TIME      //该进程实际使用CPU运行的时间

  

2.2. ps -ef—System V Style

 

zhancj@iZbp10j40ovkbwx9an9ppuZ:~$ ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0  2020 ?        00:38:56 /sbin/init noibrs splash
root         2     0  0  2020 ?        00:00:12 [kthreadd]
root         4     2  0  2020 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H]
root         6     2  0  2020 ?        00:00:00 [mm_percpu_wq]
root         7     2  0  2020 ?        01:00:22 [ksoftirqd/0]
root         8     2  0  2020 ?        11:00:40 [rcu_sched]
root         9     2  0  2020 ?        00:00:00 [rcu_bh]

 

显示列名：

UID     //用户ID、但输出的是用户名
PID     //进程的ID
PPID    //父进程ID
C       //进程占用CPU的百分比
STIME   //进程启动到现在的时间
TTY     //该进程在那个终端上运行，若与终端无关，则显示? 若为pts/0等，则表示由网络连接主机进程。
CMD     //命令的名称和参数

3. 命令内排序

根据列名排序，如果列是以%开头，加p；否则直接使用字段

3.1. 按照cpu降序排序:

ps -aux —sort -pcpu

zhancj@iZbp10j40ovkbwx9an9ppuZ:~$ ps -aux --sort -pcpu|head -5
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root     13338  6.0  1.1 2640268 92228 ?       Ssl   2021 20668:37 /usr/bin/kubelet --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf --config=/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs --hostname-override=iz2zeabl8ta0jq1nd850igz --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf
root     14082  3.4  4.1 573712 337000 ?       Ssl   2021 11680:34 kube-apiserver --advertise-address=172.16.207.15 --allow-privileged=true --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --insecure-port=0 --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.crt --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.key --requestheader-allowed-names=front-proxy-client --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/12 --service-node-port-range=1-65535 --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.crt --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.key
root     19940  2.2  0.2 279352 23588 ?        S<sl Aug15  99:31 /usr/local/aegis/aegis_client/aegis_11_35/AliYunDun
systemd+ 10798  1.6  6.3 1298728 519196 ?      Ssl   2021 5770:18 consul agent -data-dir=/consul/data -config-dir=/consul/config -server -bootstrap-expect=3 -ui -data-dir=/consul/data -bind=0.0.0.0 -client=0.0.0.0 -advertise=10.244.0.7 -retry-join=consul-server-0.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-1.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-2.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -domain=consul -disable-host-node-id

 

3.2. 按照内存降序排序:

ps -aux —sort -pmem

zhancj@iZbp10j40ovkbwx9an9ppuZ:~$ ps -aux --sort -pmem|head -5
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
systemd+ 10973  1.3  6.4 1298920 529780 ?      Ssl   2021 4623:29 consul agent -data-dir=/consul/data -config-dir=/consul/config -server -bootstrap-expect=3 -ui -data-dir=/consul/data -bind=0.0.0.0 -client=0.0.0.0 -advertise=10.244.0.6 -retry-join=consul-server-0.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-1.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-2.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -domain=consul -disable-host-node-id
root     25312  0.0  6.4 1019320 526468 ?      Sl   Aug17   0:45 gunicorn: worker [mage_omp.wsgi:application]
systemd+ 10798  1.6  6.3 1298728 519196 ?      Ssl   2021 5770:20 consul agent -data-dir=/consul/data -config-dir=/consul/config -server -bootstrap-expect=3 -ui -data-dir=/consul/data -bind=0.0.0.0 -client=0.0.0.0 -advertise=10.244.0.7 -retry-join=consul-server-0.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-1.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-2.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -domain=consul -disable-host-node-id
systemd+  7269  1.3  6.1 1230756 501804 ?      Ssl   2021 4592:23 consul agent -data-dir=/consul/data -config-dir=/consul/config -server -bootstrap-expect=3 -ui -data-dir=/consul/data -bind=0.0.0.0 -client=0.0.0.0 -advertise=10.244.0.4 -retry-join=consul-server-0.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-1.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-2.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -domain=consul -disable-host-node-id

 

3.3. 按照缓存降序排序:

ps -aux --sort -rss

zhancj@iZbp10j40ovkbwx9an9ppuZ:~$ ps -aux --sort -rss|head -5
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
systemd+ 10973  1.3  6.4 1298920 529780 ?      Ssl   2021 4623:30 consul agent -data-dir=/consul/data -config-dir=/consul/config -server -bootstrap-expect=3 -ui -data-dir=/consul/data -bind=0.0.0.0 -client=0.0.0.0 -advertise=10.244.0.6 -retry-join=consul-server-0.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-1.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-2.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -domain=consul -disable-host-node-id
root     25312  0.0  6.4 1019320 526468 ?      Sl   Aug17   0:45 gunicorn: worker [mage_omp.wsgi:application]
systemd+ 10798  1.6  6.3 1298728 519196 ?      Ssl   2021 5770:20 consul agent -data-dir=/consul/data -config-dir=/consul/config -server -bootstrap-expect=3 -ui -data-dir=/consul/data -bind=0.0.0.0 -client=0.0.0.0 -advertise=10.244.0.7 -retry-join=consul-server-0.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-1.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-2.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -domain=consul -disable-host-node-id
systemd+  7269  1.3  6.1 1230756 501804 ?      Ssl   2021 4592:23 consul agent -data-dir=/consul/data -config-dir=/consul/config -server -bootstrap-expect=3 -ui -data-dir=/consul/data -bind=0.0.0.0 -client=0.0.0.0 -advertise=10.244.0.4 -retry-join=consul-server-0.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-1.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-2.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -domain=consul -disable-host-node-id

 

 

4. 结合sort命令排序

sort -rn  -k3

r表示reverse反向排序

n表示以整数进行排序

k表示以第几项进行排序

后面在sort命令单独拿出来列一个，这里

4.1. 按照cpu降序排序:

ps aux|head -1;ps auxw|sort -rn  -k3

zhancj@iZbp10j40ovkbwx9an9ppuZ:~$ ps aux|head -1;ps auxw|sort -rn  -k3 |head -5
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root     13338  6.0  1.1 2640268 92228 ?       Ssl   2021 20668:50 /usr/bin/kubelet --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf --config=/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs --hostname-override=iz2zeabl8ta0jq1nd850igz --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf
root     14082  3.4  4.1 573712 337000 ?       Ssl   2021 11680:40 kube-apiserver --advertise-address=172.16.207.15 --allow-privileged=true --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --insecure-port=0 --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.crt --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.key --requestheader-allowed-names=front-proxy-client --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/12 --service-node-port-range=1-65535 --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.crt --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.key
root     19940  2.2  0.2 279352 23588 ?        S<sl Aug15  99:35 /usr/local/aegis/aegis_client/aegis_11_35/AliYunDun
systemd+ 10798  1.6  6.3 1298728 519196 ?      Ssl   2021 5770:22 consul agent -data-dir=/consul/data -config-dir=/consul/config -server -bootstrap-expect=3 -ui -data-dir=/consul/data -bind=0.0.0.0 -client=0.0.0.0 -advertise=10.244.0.7 -retry-join=consul-server-0.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-1.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-2.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -domain=consul -disable-host-node-id
root     14284  1.6  0.8 215000 66268 ?        Ssl  Jul05 1016:49 kube-controller-manager --allocate-node-cidrs=true --authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf --authorization-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt --cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --cluster-name=kubernetes --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.key --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf --leader-elect=true --node-cidr-mask-size=24 --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/12 --use-service-account-credentials=true

这句话是为了输出第一行的字段意义：ps aux|head -1; 

4.2. 按照内存百分比降序排序:

ps auxw|head -1;ps auxw|sort -rn -k4

USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
systemd+ 10973  1.3  6.4 1298920 529780 ?      Ssl   2021 4623:36 consul agent -data-dir=/consul/data -config-dir=/consul/config -server -bootstrap-expect=3 -ui -data-dir=/consul/data -bind=0.0.0.0 -client=0.0.0.0 -advertise=10.244.0.6 -retry-join=consul-server-0.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-1.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-2.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -domain=consul -disable-host-node-id
root     25312  0.0  6.4 1019320 526456 ?      Sl   Aug17   0:45 gunicorn: worker [mage_omp.wsgi:application]
systemd+ 10798  1.6  6.3 1298728 519196 ?      Ssl   2021 5770:24 consul agent -data-dir=/consul/data -config-dir=/consul/config -server -bootstrap-expect=3 -ui -data-dir=/consul/data -bind=0.0.0.0 -client=0.0.0.0 -advertise=10.244.0.7 -retry-join=consul-server-0.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-1.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-2.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -domain=consul -disable-host-node-id
systemd+  7269  1.3  6.1 1230756 501804 ?      Ssl   2021 4592:27 consul agent -data-dir=/consul/data -config-dir=/consul/config -server -bootstrap-expect=3 -ui -data-dir=/consul/data -bind=0.0.0.0 -client=0.0.0.0 -advertise=10.244.0.4 -retry-join=consul-server-0.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-1.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-2.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -domain=consul -disable-host-node-id
root     14082  3.4  4.1 573712 337000 ?       Ssl   2021 11680:45 kube-apiserver --advertise-address=172.16.207.15 --allow-privileged=true --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --insecure-port=0 --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.crt --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.key --requestheader-allowed-names=front-proxy-client --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/12 --service-node-port-range=1-65535 --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.crt --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.key

 

4.3. 按照内存量降序排序:

ps aux|head -1;ps auxw|sort -rn  -k6

zhancj@iZbp10j40ovkbwx9an9ppuZ:~$ ps aux|head -1;ps auxw|sort -rn  -k6 |head -5
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
systemd+ 10973  1.3  6.4 1298920 529780 ?      Ssl   2021 4623:37 consul agent -data-dir=/consul/data -config-dir=/consul/config -server -bootstrap-expect=3 -ui -data-dir=/consul/data -bind=0.0.0.0 -client=0.0.0.0 -advertise=10.244.0.6 -retry-join=consul-server-0.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-1.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-2.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -domain=consul -disable-host-node-id
root     25312  0.0  6.4 1019320 526456 ?      Sl   Aug17   0:46 gunicorn: worker [mage_omp.wsgi:application]
systemd+ 10798  1.6  6.3 1298728 519196 ?      Ssl   2021 5770:24 consul agent -data-dir=/consul/data -config-dir=/consul/config -server -bootstrap-expect=3 -ui -data-dir=/consul/data -bind=0.0.0.0 -client=0.0.0.0 -advertise=10.244.0.7 -retry-join=consul-server-0.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-1.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-2.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -domain=consul -disable-host-node-id
systemd+  7269  1.3  6.1 1230756 501804 ?      Ssl   2021 4592:27 consul agent -data-dir=/consul/data -config-dir=/consul/config -server -bootstrap-expect=3 -ui -data-dir=/consul/data -bind=0.0.0.0 -client=0.0.0.0 -advertise=10.244.0.4 -retry-join=consul-server-0.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-1.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -retry-join=consul-server-2.consul-server.default.svc.cluster.local -domain=consul -disable-host-node-id
root     14082  3.4  4.1 573712 337000 ?       Ssl   2021 11680:46 kube-apiserver --advertise-address=172.16.207.15 --allow-privileged=true --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --insecure-port=0 --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.crt --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.key --requestheader-allowed-names=front-proxy-client --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/12 --service-node-port-range=1-65535 --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.crt --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.key

 

posted @ 2022-08-18 10:46  若-飞  阅读(65)  评论(0)    收藏  举报