excel相关文件操作(读取)

Python内部未提供处理Excel文件的功能，想要在Python中操作Excel需要按照第三方的模块。

pip install openpyxl

此模块中集成了Python操作Excel的相关功能，接下来我们就需要去学习该模块提供的相关功能即可。

读excel

• 读sheet页

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook("files/p1.xlsx")

# sheet相关操作

# 1.获取excel文件中的所有sheet名称
"""
print(wb.sheetnames) # ['数据导出', '用户列表', 'Sheet1', 'Sheet2']
"""

# 2.选择sheet，基于sheet名称
"""
sheet = wb["数据导出"]
cell = sheet.cell(1, 2)
print(cell.value)
"""

# 3.选择sheet，基于索引位置
"""
sheet = wb.worksheets[0]
cell = sheet.cell(1,2)
print(cell.value)
"""

# 4.循环所有的sheet
"""
for name in wb.sheetnames:
    sheet = wb[name]
    cell = sheet.cell(1, 1)
    print(cell.value)
"""
"""
for sheet in wb.worksheets:
    cell = sheet.cell(1, 1)
    print(cell.value)
"""
"""
for sheet in wb:
    cell = sheet.cell(1, 1)
    print(cell.value)
"""

• 读sheet中单元格的数据

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook("files/p1.xlsx")
sheet = wb.worksheets[0]

# 获取sheet页总行数
rows = sheet.max_rows

# 获取sheet页总列数
column = sheet.max_column

# 1.获取第N行第N列的单元格(位置是从1开始）
"""
cell = sheet.cell(1, 1) #定位到第一行第一列的单元格

print(cell.value)  # 获取第1行，第一列的值
print(cell.style)　　# 获取第一行，第一列的格式
print(cell.font)　　# 字体
print(cell.alignment)　　# 对其方式
"""

# 2.获取某个单元格
"""
c1 = sheet["A2"]
print(c1.value)

c2 = sheet['D4']
print(c2.value)
"""

# 3.第N行所有的单元格
"""
for cell in sheet[1]: # 循环读取第一行的单元格
    print(cell.value)　　# 获取第一行的值
"""

# 4.所有行的数据（获取某一列数据）
"""
for row in sheet.rows:　　# 循环读取所有行
    print(row[0].value, row[1].value)
"""

# 5.获取所有列的数据
"""
for col in sheet.columns:
    print(col[1].value)
"""

• 读合并的单元格

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook("files/p1.xlsx")
sheet = wb.worksheets[2]

# 获取第N行第N列的单元格(位置是从1开始）
c1 = sheet.cell(1, 1)
print(c1)  # <Cell 'Sheet1'.A1>
print(c1.value) # 用户信息

c2 = sheet.cell(1, 2)
print(c2)  # <MergedCell 'Sheet1'.B1>
print(c2.value) # None

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('files/p1.xlsx')
sheet = wb.worksheets[2]
for row in sheet.rows:
    print(row)

>>> 输出结果
(<Cell 'Sheet1'.A1>, <MergedCell 'Sheet1'.B1>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C1>)
(<Cell 'Sheet1'.A2>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B2>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C2>)
(<Cell 'Sheet1'.A3>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B3>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C3>)
(<MergedCell 'Sheet1'.A4>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B4>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C4>)
(<Cell 'Sheet1'.A5>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B5>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C5>)