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SKYIV STUDIO

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前言

我们知道,.NET Framework 在内部将文本(string)存储为 Unicode UTF-16。在 .NET Framework Base Class Library 中,System.Text.Encoding 类及其派生类提供了对字符编码的支持。Encoding 类的静态 GetEncodings 方法返回包含所有编码的数组。

 

源程序代码

让我们写个 C# 程序来查看一下 BCL 所支持的所有字符编码吧。下面就是 EncodingTester.cs:

01:  using System;
02:  using System.Data;
03:  using System.Text;
04:  
05:  namespace Skyiv.Tester
06:  {
07:    sealed class EncodingTester
08:    {
09:      static void Main()
10:      {
11:        try
12:        {
13:          var info = Utilities.GetEnvironmentInfo();
14:          info.Add(Tuple.Create("字符编码数量", Encoding.GetEncodings().Length.ToString()));
15:          var html = new HtmlMaker("字符编码信息", info, GetEncodingInfo().DefaultView);
16:          html.TitleVisible = false;
17:          html.Save("EncodingTester.html");
18:        }
19:        catch (Exception ex)
20:        {
21:          Console.WriteLine(ex);
22:        }
23:      }
24:  
25:      static DataTable GetEncodingInfo()
26:      {
27:        var table = new DataTable();
28:        table.Columns.Add("CodePage", typeof(int));
29:        table.Columns.Add("WebName", typeof(string));
30:        table.Columns.Add("EncodingName", typeof(string));
31:        table.Columns.Add("Class", typeof(string));
32:        table.Columns.Add("Memo", typeof(string));
33:        foreach (var info in Encoding.GetEncodings())
34:        {
35:          var dr = table.NewRow();
36:          var encoding = info.GetEncoding();
37:          dr[0] = encoding.CodePage;
38:          dr[1] = encoding.WebName;
39:          dr[2] = encoding.EncodingName;
40:          dr[3] = GetTypeName(encoding);
41:          dr[4] = GetMemo(encoding);
42:          table.Rows.Add(dr);
43:        }
44:        return table;
45:      }
46:  
47:      static string GetMemo(Encoding encoding)
48:      {
49:        var memo = "";
50:        if (!encoding.IsReadOnly) memo += "Writeable ";
51:        if (encoding.IsSingleByte) memo += "1-Byte ";
52:        if (encoding.IsBrowserDisplay) memo += "BrDisp ";
53:        if (encoding.IsBrowserSave) memo += "BrSave ";
54:        if (encoding.IsMailNewsDisplay) memo += "MNDisp ";
55:        if (encoding.IsMailNewsSave) memo += "MNSave ";
56:        if (encoding.IsAlwaysNormalized()) memo += "Norm ";
57:        var bs = encoding.GetPreamble();
58:        if (bs.Length != 0) memo += "BOM:" + BitConverter.ToString(bs);
59:        return memo;
60:      }
61:  
62:      static string GetTypeName(Encoding encoding)
63:      {
64:        var type = encoding.GetType();
65:        var name = type.ToString();
66:        var prefix = "System.Text.";
67:        if (name.StartsWith(prefix)) name = ":" + name.Substring(prefix.Length);
68:        if (type.IsNotPublic) name = "(" + name + ")";
69:        return name;
70:      }
71:    }
72:  }

 

编译响应文件如下所示:

-r:System.Data.dll
-r:System.Drawing.dll
EncodingTester.cs
ExtensionMethods.cs
HtmlMaker.cs
HtmlTable.cs
RuntimeFramework.cs
Utilities.cs

 

在 Windows 操作系统中编译和运行

在 Windows Vista 操作系统的 .NET Framework 4 环境中编译和运行:

E:\CS\EncodingTester> csc @build.rsp
Microsoft(R) Visual C# 2010 编译器 4.0.30319.1 版
版权所有(C) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

E:\CS\EncodingTester> EncodingTester
E:\CS\EncodingTester>

 

这个程序的运行结果是产生一个 EncodingTester.html 文件,其内容如下所示:

操作系统 Microsoft Windows NT 6.0.6002 Service Pack 2
公共语言运行库 4.0.30319.1 [Net 4.0.30319.1]
默认字符编码 简体中文(GB2312) [936:gb2312]
字节顺序 Little-Endian
字符编码数量 140
CodePage WebName EncodingName Class Memo
37 IBM037 IBM EBCDIC (美国-加拿大) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
437 IBM437 OEM 美国 (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
500 IBM500 IBM EBCDIC (国际) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
708 ASMO-708 阿拉伯字符(ASMO-708) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave
720 DOS-720 阿拉伯字符(DOS) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave Norm
737 ibm737 希腊字符(DOS) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
775 ibm775 波罗的海字符(DOS) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
850 ibm850 西欧字符(DOS) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
852 ibm852 中欧字符(DOS) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave Norm
855 IBM855 OEM 西里尔语 (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
857 ibm857 土耳其字符(DOS) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
858 IBM00858 OEM 多语言拉丁语 I (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
860 IBM860 葡萄牙语(DOS) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
861 ibm861 冰岛语(DOS) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
862 DOS-862 希伯来字符(DOS) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave Norm
863 IBM863 加拿大法语(DOS) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
864 IBM864 阿拉伯字符(864) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
865 IBM865 北欧字符(DOS) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
866 cp866 西里尔字符(DOS) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave Norm
869 ibm869 现代希腊字符(DOS) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
870 IBM870 IBM EBCDIC (多语言拉丁语 2) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
874 windows-874 泰语(Windows) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
875 cp875 IBM EBCDIC (现代希腊语) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
932 shift_jis 日语(Shift-JIS) (:DBCSCodePageEncoding) BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
936 gb2312 简体中文(GB2312) (:DBCSCodePageEncoding) BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
949 ks_c_5601-1987 朝鲜语 (:DBCSCodePageEncoding) BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
950 big5 繁体中文(Big5) (:DBCSCodePageEncoding) BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
1026 IBM1026 IBM EBCDIC (土耳其拉丁语 5) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
1047 IBM01047 IBM 拉丁语 1 (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
1140 IBM01140 IBM EBCDIC (美国-加拿大-欧洲) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
1141 IBM01141 IBM EBCDIC (德国-欧洲) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
1142 IBM01142 IBM EBCDIC (丹麦-挪威-欧洲) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
1143 IBM01143 IBM EBCDIC (芬兰-瑞典-欧洲) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
1144 IBM01144 IBM EBCDIC (意大利-欧洲) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
1145 IBM01145 IBM EBCDIC (西班牙-欧洲) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
1146 IBM01146 IBM EBCDIC (英国-欧洲) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
1147 IBM01147 IBM EBCDIC (法国-欧洲) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
1148 IBM01148 IBM EBCDIC (国际-欧洲) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
1149 IBM01149 IBM EBCDIC (冰岛语-欧洲) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
1200 utf-16 Unicode :UnicodeEncoding BrSave BOM:FF-FE
1201 utf-16BE Unicode (Big-Endian) :UnicodeEncoding BOM:FE-FF
1250 windows-1250 中欧字符(Windows) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
1251 windows-1251 西里尔字符(Windows) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
1252 Windows-1252 西欧字符(Windows) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
1253 windows-1253 希腊字符(Windows) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
1254 windows-1254 土耳其字符(Windows) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
1255 windows-1255 希伯来字符(Windows) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
1256 windows-1256 阿拉伯字符(Windows) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
1257 windows-1257 波罗的海字符(Windows) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
1258 windows-1258 越南字符(Windows) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
1361 Johab 朝鲜语(Johab) (:DBCSCodePageEncoding)  
10000 macintosh 西欧字符(Mac) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
10001 x-mac-japanese 日语(Mac) (:DBCSCodePageEncoding)  
10002 x-mac-chinesetrad 繁体中文(Mac) (:DBCSCodePageEncoding)  
10003 x-mac-korean 朝鲜语(Mac) (:DBCSCodePageEncoding)  
10004 x-mac-arabic 阿拉伯字符(Mac) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
10005 x-mac-hebrew 希伯来字符(Mac) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
10006 x-mac-greek 希腊字符(Mac) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
10007 x-mac-cyrillic 西里尔字符(Mac) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
10008 x-mac-chinesesimp 简体中文(Mac) (:DBCSCodePageEncoding)  
10010 x-mac-romanian 罗马尼亚语(Mac) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
10017 x-mac-ukrainian 乌克兰语(Mac) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
10021 x-mac-thai 泰语(Mac) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
10029 x-mac-ce 中欧字符(Mac) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
10079 x-mac-icelandic 冰岛语(Mac) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
10081 x-mac-turkish 土耳其字符(Mac) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
10082 x-mac-croatian 克罗地亚语(Mac) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
12000 utf-32 Unicode (UTF-32) :UTF32Encoding BOM:FF-FE-00-00
12001 utf-32BE Unicode (UTF-32 Big-Endian) :UTF32Encoding BOM:00-00-FE-FF
20000 x-Chinese-CNS 繁体中文(CNS) (:DBCSCodePageEncoding)  
20001 x-cp20001 TCA 台湾 (:DBCSCodePageEncoding)  
20002 x-Chinese-Eten 繁体中文(Eten) (:DBCSCodePageEncoding)  
20003 x-cp20003 IBM5550 台湾 (:DBCSCodePageEncoding)  
20004 x-cp20004 TeleText 台湾 (:DBCSCodePageEncoding)  
20005 x-cp20005 Wang 台湾 (:DBCSCodePageEncoding)  
20105 x-IA5 西欧字符(IA5) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
20106 x-IA5-German 德语(IA5) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
20107 x-IA5-Swedish 瑞典语(IA5) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
20108 x-IA5-Norwegian 挪威语(IA5) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
20127 us-ascii US-ASCII :ASCIIEncoding 1-Byte MNDisp MNSave
20261 x-cp20261 T.61 (:DBCSCodePageEncoding)  
20269 x-cp20269 ISO-6937 (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
20273 IBM273 IBM EBCDIC (德国) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
20277 IBM277 IBM EBCDIC (丹麦-挪威) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
20278 IBM278 IBM EBCDIC (芬兰-瑞典) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
20280 IBM280 IBM EBCDIC (意大利) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
20284 IBM284 IBM EBCDIC (西班牙) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
20285 IBM285 IBM EBCDIC (UK) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
20290 IBM290 IBM EBCDIC (日语片假名) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
20297 IBM297 IBM EBCDIC (法国) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
20420 IBM420 IBM EBCDIC (阿拉伯语) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
20423 IBM423 IBM EBCDIC (希腊语) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
20424 IBM424 IBM EBCDIC (希伯来语) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
20833 x-EBCDIC-KoreanExtended IBM EBCDIC (朝鲜语扩展) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
20838 IBM-Thai IBM EBCDIC (泰语) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
20866 koi8-r 西里尔字符(KOI8-R) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
20871 IBM871 IBM EBCDIC (冰岛语) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
20880 IBM880 IBM EBCDIC (西里尔俄语) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
20905 IBM905 IBM EBCDIC (土耳其语) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
20924 IBM00924 IBM 拉丁语 1 (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
20932 EUC-JP 日语(JIS 0208-1990 和 0212-1990) (:DBCSCodePageEncoding)  
20936 x-cp20936 简体中文(GB2312-80) (:DBCSCodePageEncoding)  
20949 x-cp20949 朝鲜语 Wansung (:DBCSCodePageEncoding)  
21025 cp1025 IBM EBCDIC (西里尔塞尔维亚-保加利亚语) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte Norm
21866 koi8-u 西里尔字符(KOI8-U) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
28591 iso-8859-1 西欧字符(ISO) (:Latin1Encoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
28592 iso-8859-2 中欧字符(ISO) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
28593 iso-8859-3 拉丁语 3 (ISO) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte MNDisp MNSave
28594 iso-8859-4 波罗的海字符(ISO) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
28595 iso-8859-5 西里尔字符(ISO) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
28596 iso-8859-6 阿拉伯字符(ISO) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
28597 iso-8859-7 希腊字符(ISO) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
28598 iso-8859-8 希伯来字符(ISO-Visual) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave
28599 iso-8859-9 土耳其字符(ISO) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
28603 iso-8859-13 爱沙尼亚语(ISO) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte MNDisp MNSave Norm
28605 iso-8859-15 拉丁语 9 (ISO) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
29001 x-Europa 欧罗巴 (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte
38598 iso-8859-8-i 希伯来字符(ISO-Logical) (:SBCSCodePageEncoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
50220 iso-2022-jp 日语(JIS) (:ISO2022Encoding) MNDisp MNSave
50221 csISO2022JP 日语(JIS-允许 1 字节假名) (:ISO2022Encoding) BrSave MNDisp MNSave
50222 iso-2022-jp 日语(JIS-允许 1 字节假名 - SO/SI) (:ISO2022Encoding)  
50225 iso-2022-kr 朝鲜语(ISO) (:ISO2022Encoding) MNDisp
50227 x-cp50227 简体中文(ISO-2022) (:DBCSCodePageEncoding)  
51932 euc-jp 日语(EUC) (:EUCJPEncoding) BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
51936 EUC-CN 简体中文(EUC) (:DBCSCodePageEncoding)  
51949 euc-kr 朝鲜语(EUC) (:DBCSCodePageEncoding) MNDisp MNSave
52936 hz-gb-2312 简体中文(HZ) (:ISO2022Encoding) BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
54936 GB18030 简体中文(GB18030) (:GB18030Encoding) BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
57002 x-iscii-de ISCII 梵文 (:ISCIIEncoding)  
57003 x-iscii-be ISCII 孟加拉语 (:ISCIIEncoding)  
57004 x-iscii-ta ISCII 泰米尔语 (:ISCIIEncoding)  
57005 x-iscii-te ISCII 泰卢固语 (:ISCIIEncoding)  
57006 x-iscii-as ISCII 阿萨姆语 (:ISCIIEncoding)  
57007 x-iscii-or ISCII 奥里雅语 (:ISCIIEncoding)  
57008 x-iscii-ka ISCII 卡纳达语 (:ISCIIEncoding)  
57009 x-iscii-ma ISCII 马拉雅拉姆语 (:ISCIIEncoding)  
57010 x-iscii-gu ISCII 古吉拉特语 (:ISCIIEncoding)  
57011 x-iscii-pa ISCII 旁遮普语 (:ISCIIEncoding)  
65000 utf-7 Unicode (UTF-7) :UTF7Encoding MNDisp MNSave
65001 utf-8 Unicode (UTF-8) :UTF8Encoding BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave BOM:EF-BB-BF

 

几点说明:

  1. BOM: Byte order mark,用以标记字符编码的字节顺序,来自 Encoding.GetPreamble 方法。
  2. BrDisp: 指示浏览器客户端是否可以使用当前的编码显示内容,来自 Encoding.IsBrowserDisplay 属性。
  3. BrSave: 指示浏览器客户端是否可以使用当前的编码保存内容,来自 Encoding.IsBrowserSave 属性。
  4. MNDisp: 指示邮件和新闻客户端是否可以使用当前的编码显示内容,来自 Encoding.IsMailNewsDisplay 属性。
  5. MNSave: 指示邮件和新闻客户端是否可以使用当前的编码保存内容,来自 Encoding.IsMailNewsSave 属性。
  6. Norm: 指示当前编码是否始终被规范化,来自 Encoding.IsAlwaysNormalized 方法。
  7. Writeable: 指示当前编码不是只读的,来自 Encoding.IsReadOnly 属性。(上表中未出现)
  8. 1-Byte: 指示当前的编码是否使用单字节码位,来自 Encoding.IsSingleByte 属性。
  9. Class 栏中类名前名的“:”表示 System.Text 命名空间。类名如果被小括号括住,表示非公共类型(Type.IsNotPublic)。

可以看出,在我们的中文版的 Windows 操作系统中,默认的字符编码就是著名的“简体中文(GB2312) [936:gb2312]”。系统所支持的字符编码数量是 140 个。其实常用的只有以下三个:

  1. Unicode (UTF-8) [65001:utf-8],         Encoding.UTF8
  2. Unicode [1200:utf-16],                     Encoding.Unicode
  3. 简体中文(GB18030) [54936:GB18030],   Encoding.GetEncoding(“GB18030”)

注意,我没有把 Windows 操作系统默认的字符编码 GB2312 列入常用的,是因为它完全可以被 GB18030 取代。

 

在 Linux 操作系统中编译和运行

在 Ubuntu 10.10 Server 操作系统的 mono 2.8.2 环境中编译和运行:

ben@D1520:~/work/EncodingTester$ dmcs @build.rsp
ben@D1520:~/work/EncodingTester$ mono28 EncodingTester.exe

 

这次生成的 EncodingTester.html 文件的内容如下所示:

操作系统 Unix 2.6.35.24
公共语言运行库 4.0.30319.1 [2.8.2 (tarball Mon Jan 10 19:16:25 CST 2011)]
默认字符编码 Unicode (UTF-8) [65001:utf-8]
字节顺序 Little-Endian
字符编码数量 95
CodePage WebName EncodingName Class Memo
37 IBM037 IBM EBCDIC (US-Canada) I18N.Rare.CP37 1-Byte Norm
437 IBM437 OEM United States I18N.West.CP437 1-Byte Norm
500 IBM500 IBM EBCDIC (International) I18N.Rare.CP500 1-Byte Norm
708 asmo-708 Arabic (ASMO 708) I18N.Rare.CP708 1-Byte Norm
850 ibm850 Western European (DOS) I18N.West.CP850 1-Byte Norm
852 ibm852 Central European (DOS) I18N.Rare.CP852 1-Byte Norm
855 ibm855 Cyrillic (DOS) I18N.Rare.CP855 1-Byte Norm
857 ibm857 Turkish (DOS) I18N.Rare.CP857 1-Byte Norm
858 IBM00858 Western European (DOS with Euro) I18N.Rare.CP858 1-Byte Norm
860 ibm860 Portuguese (DOS) I18N.West.CP860 1-Byte Norm
861 ibm861 Icelandic (DOS) I18N.West.CP861 1-Byte Norm
862 ibm862 Hebrew (DOS) I18N.Rare.CP862 1-Byte Norm
863 IBM863 French Canadian (DOS) I18N.West.CP863 1-Byte Norm
864 ibm864 Arabic (DOS) I18N.Rare.CP864 1-Byte Norm
865 IBM865 Nordic (DOS) I18N.West.CP865 1-Byte Norm
866 ibm866 Russian (DOS) I18N.Rare.CP866 1-Byte Norm
869 ibm869 Greek (DOS) I18N.Rare.CP869 1-Byte
870 ibm870 IBM EBCDIC (Latin 2) I18N.Rare.CP870 1-Byte Norm
874 windows-874 Thai (Windows) I18N.Other.CP874 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
875 ibm875 IBM EBCDIC (Greek) I18N.Rare.CP875 1-Byte
932 shift_jis Japanese (Shift-JIS) I18N.CJK.CP932 BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
936 gb2312 Chinese Simplified (GB2312) (I18N.CJK.CP936) BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
949 ks_c_5601-1987 Korean (UHC) (I18N.CJK.CP949) BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
950 big5 Chinese Traditional (Big5) (I18N.CJK.CP950) BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
1026 ibm1026 IBM EBCDIC (Turkish) I18N.Rare.CP1026 1-Byte Norm
1047 ibm1047 IBM EBCDIC (Open Systems Latin 1) I18N.Rare.CP1047 1-Byte Norm
1140 IBM01140 IBM EBCDIC (US-Canada with Euro) I18N.Rare.CP1140 1-Byte Norm
1141 IBM01141 IBM EBCDIC (Germany with Euro) I18N.Rare.CP1141 1-Byte Norm
1142 IBM01142 IBM EBCDIC (Denmark/Norway with Euro) I18N.Rare.CP1142 1-Byte Norm
1143 IBM01143 IBM EBCDIC (Finland/Sweden with Euro) I18N.Rare.CP1143 1-Byte Norm
1144 ibm1144 IBM EBCDIC (Italy with Euro) I18N.Rare.CP1144 1-Byte Norm
1145 ibm1145 IBM EBCDIC (Latin America/Spain with Euro) I18N.Rare.CP1145 1-Byte Norm
1146 ibm1146 IBM EBCDIC (United Kingdom with Euro) I18N.Rare.CP1146 1-Byte Norm
1147 ibm1147 IBM EBCDIC (France with Euro) I18N.Rare.CP1147 1-Byte Norm
1148 ibm1148 IBM EBCDIC (International with Euro) I18N.Rare.CP1148 1-Byte Norm
1149 ibm1149 IBM EBCDIC (Icelandic with Euro) I18N.Rare.CP1149 1-Byte Norm
1200 utf-16 Unicode :UnicodeEncoding BrSave BOM:FF-FE
1201 unicodeFFFE Unicode (Big-Endian) :UnicodeEncoding BOM:FE-FF
1250 windows-1250 Central European (Windows) I18N.West.CP1250 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
1251 windows-1251 Cyrillic (Windows) I18N.Other.CP1251 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
1252 Windows-1252 Western European (Windows) I18N.West.CP1252 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
1253 windows-1253 Greek (Windows) I18N.West.CP1253 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
1254 windows-1254 Turkish (Windows) I18N.MidEast.CP1254 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
1255 windows-1255 Hebrew (Windows) I18N.MidEast.CP1255 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
1256 windows-1256 Arabic (Windows) I18N.MidEast.CP1256 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
1257 windows-1257 Baltic (Windows) I18N.Other.CP1257 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
1258 windows-1258 Vietnamese (Windows) I18N.Other.CP1258 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
10000 macintosh Western European (Mac) I18N.West.CP10000 1-Byte
10079 x-mac-icelandic Icelandic (Mac) I18N.West.CP10079 1-Byte
12000 utf-32 UTF-32 :UTF32Encoding BOM:FF-FE-00-00
12001 utf-32BE UTF-32 (Big-Endian) :UTF32Encoding BOM:00-00-FE-FF
20127 us-ascii US-ASCII :ASCIIEncoding 1-Byte MNDisp MNSave Norm
20273 IBM273 IBM EBCDIC (Germany) I18N.Rare.CP20273 1-Byte Norm
20277 IBM277 IBM EBCDIC (Denmark/Norway) I18N.Rare.CP20277 1-Byte Norm
20278 IBM278 IBM EBCDIC (Finland/Sweden) I18N.Rare.CP20278 1-Byte Norm
20280 IBM280 IBM EBCDIC (Italy) I18N.Rare.CP20280 1-Byte Norm
20284 IBM284 IBM EBCDIC (Latin America/Spain) I18N.Rare.CP20284 1-Byte Norm
20285 IBM285 IBM EBCDIC (United Kingdom) I18N.Rare.CP20285 1-Byte Norm
20290 IBM290 IBM EBCDIC (Japanese Katakana Extended) I18N.Rare.CP20290 1-Byte Norm
20297 IBM297 IBM EBCDIC (France) I18N.Rare.CP20297 1-Byte Norm
20420 IBM420 IBM EBCDIC (Arabic) I18N.Rare.CP20420 1-Byte Norm
20424 IBM424 IBM EBCDIC (Hebrew) I18N.Rare.CP20424 1-Byte Norm
20866 koi8-r Cyrillic (KOI8-R) I18N.Other.CP20866 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
20871 IBM871 IBM EBCDIC (Icelandic) I18N.Rare.CP20871 1-Byte Norm
21025 IBM1025 IBM EBCDIC (Cyrillic - Serbian, Bulgarian) I18N.Rare.CP21025 1-Byte Norm
21866 koi8-u Ukrainian (KOI8-U) I18N.Other.CP21866 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
28591 iso-8859-1 Western European (ISO) (:Latin1Encoding) 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
28592 iso-8859-2 Central European (ISO) I18N.West.CP28592 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
28593 iso-8859-3 Latin 3 (ISO) I18N.West.CP28593 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
28594 iso-8859-4 Baltic (ISO) I18N.Other.CP28594 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
28595 iso-8859-5 Cyrillic (ISO) I18N.Other.CP28595 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
28596 iso-8859-6 Arabic (ISO) I18N.MidEast.CP28596 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
28597 iso-8859-7 Greek (ISO) I18N.West.CP28597 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
28598 iso-8859-8 Hebrew (ISO) I18N.MidEast.CP28598 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
28599 iso-8859-9 Latin 5 (ISO) I18N.MidEast.CP28599 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
28605 iso-8859-15 Latin 9 (ISO) I18N.West.CP28605 1-Byte BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
38598 windows-38598 Hebrew (ISO Alternative) I18N.MidEast.CP38598 1-Byte BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave Norm
50220 csISO2022JP Japanese (JIS) I18N.CJK.CP50220  
50221 csISO2022JP Japanese (JIS-Allow 1 byte Kana) I18N.CJK.CP50221  
50222 csISO2022JP Japanese (JIS-Allow 1 byte Kana - SO/SI) I18N.CJK.CP50222  
51932 euc-jp Japanese (EUC) I18N.CJK.CP51932 BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
51949 euc-kr Korean (EUC) (I18N.CJK.CP51949) BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
54936 GB18030 Chinese Simplified (GB18030) I18N.CJK.CP54936 BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave
57002 x-iscii-de ISCII Devanagari I18N.Other.CP57002  
57003 x-iscii-be ISCII Bengali I18N.Other.CP57003  
57004 x-iscii-ta ISCII Tamil I18N.Other.CP57004  
57005 x-iscii-te ISCII Telugu I18N.Other.CP57005  
57006 x-iscii-as ISCII Assamese I18N.Other.CP57006  
57007 x-iscii-or ISCII Oriya I18N.Other.CP57007  
57008 x-iscii-ka ISCII Kannada I18N.Other.CP57008  
57009 x-iscii-ma ISCII Malayalam I18N.Other.CP57009  
57010 x-iscii-gu ISCII Gujarati I18N.Other.CP57010  
57011 x-iscii-pa ISCII Punjabi I18N.Other.CP57011  
65000 utf-7 Unicode (UTF-7) :UTF7Encoding MNDisp MNSave
65001 utf-8 Unicode (UTF-8) :UTF8Encoding BrDisp BrSave MNDisp MNSave BOM:EF-BB-BF

 

可以看出,在我们的 Ubuntu 操作系统中,默认字符编码是“Unicode (UTF-8) [65001:utf-8]”。系统所支持的字符编码数量减少到 95 个。还可以看到,在 Mono 中,很多表示字符编码的类不再位于 System.Text 命名空间中,而是在 I18N 底下的命名空间中。而且大部分都是公共类型。

测试用的 Ubuntu 10.10 Server 操作系统是英文版的,但不影响它有 GB18030 等中文编码。该操作系统的安装过程请参见“从源代码编译 Mono 2.8.2 是否需要低版本的 Mono”一文。

 

其他源程序

我们前面只给出一个最主要的 C# 源程序 EncodingTester.cs。其余的源程序现在给出,下面就是 Utilities.cs:

01:  using System;
02:  using System.Text;
03:  using System.Collections.Generic;
04:  
05:  namespace Skyiv
06:  {
07:    public static class Utilities
08:    {
09:      public static List<Tuple<string, string>> GetEnvironmentInfo()
10:      {
11:        var info = new List<Tuple<string, string>>();
12:        Add(info, "操作系统", Environment.OSVersion);
13:        Add(info, "公共语言运行库", Environment.Version + " [" + RuntimeFramework.CurrentFramework + "]");
14:        Add(info, "默认字符编码", GetDefaultEncoding());
15:        Add(info, "字节顺序", (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? "Little" : "Big") + "-Endian");
16:        return info;
17:      }
18:  
19:      static string GetDefaultEncoding()
20:      {
21:        var encoding = Encoding.Default;
22:        return string.Format("{0} [{1}:{2}]", encoding.EncodingName, encoding.CodePage, encoding.WebName);
23:      }
24:  
25:      static void Add(List<Tuple<string, string>> info, string key, object value)
26:      {
27:        info.Add(Tuple.Create(key, value.ToString()));
28:      }
29:    }
30:  }

 

而 RuntimeFramework.cs 请参见“.NET Framework CLR 版本检测”一文。HtmlMaker.cs、HtmlTable.cs 和 ExtensionMethods.cs 请参见“以 Html 表格展现数据”一文。

 

参考资料

  1. Unicode Consortium
  2. Uincode – Wikipedia
  3. Byte order mark – Wikipedia
  4. Unicode - 维基百科
  5. MSDN: Encoding 类 (System.Text)
  6. MSDN: Encoding.GetEncodings 方法
  7. MSDN: 了解编码
  8. MSDN: 使用 Unicode 编码
posted on 2011-01-13 23:51  银河  阅读(6521)  评论(5编辑  收藏  举报