编译安装LEMP
另外一个参考：http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/
虽然很多人建议使用一键安装包来安装WEB套件LEMP(又称LNMP)，但在我看来，既然大家买了VPS，就要有折腾的决心，否则，和普通的性能强点的虚拟主机又有何区别呢？所以，个人建议大家还是自己亲自折腾一下这个配置过程，一来可以学习Linux，二来下次碰到问题也不会手忙脚乱不知所措.
本教程使用的Linux环境为centos 6.0和Fedora 15,如果你使用其它的Linux发行版本，请确认你的登陆用户权限是否为root （对于root无法登陆的用户，在执行命令时候，请加上sudo）, 其次请确定你的安装软件的管理包是什么，比如CentOS/Fedora/Redhat使用的是yum,而ubuntu使用的是apt-get.
教程中使用的Nginx是最新的稳定版本1.0.8,Mysql使用5.1.58,PHP则是5.2.17，以及PHP-FPM的版本是php-5.2.17-fpm-0.5.14，以及用于加速PHP的eaccelerator-0.9.6.1
一.下面开始安装吧.首先建议用以下命令检查系统中是否有装过或者残留的php/mysql/apache等相关的服务，以免影响了安装.
用rpm命令来检查相关软件
rpm -qa|grep httpd
rpm -e httpd
rpm -qa|grep mysql
rpm -e mysql
rpm -qa|grep php
rpm -e php
上面的命令中rpm -qa表示列出所有安装好的软件，grep则是过滤只列出有关键词httpd的.参数-e表示erase，也就是卸载的意思.
不过rpm卸载软件可能不能解决好软件依赖问题，所以再用yum remove卸载一次，参数-y表示不再询问你yes/no，直接执行.
yum -y remove httpd
yum -y remove php
yum -y remove mysql-server mysql
yum -y remove php-mysql
二. 接下来，安装一些需要的依赖库.
#这个命令非常长
#下面许多./configure命令也存在这种情况
#复制时注意下面滚动条，或者同时复制多行执行
yum -y install patch make gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison file libtool libtool-libs autoconf kernel-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel libpng10 libpng10-devel gd gd-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libevent libevent-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel vim-minimal nano fonts-chinese gettext gettext-devel ncurses-devel gmp-devel pspell-devel unzip
三.下载、编译、安装、配置过程
开始下载并安装需要的软件，对于国内的主机或者VPS建议使用国内镜像下载，比较著名的有sohu/163以及各大学的镜像，对于国外的VPS或者独立主机用户，选则相应国家的镜像下载速度会非常快，毕竟资本主义的网速比我们快.
因为我的主机为Linode的东京机房，所以我尽量使用日本的镜像，大家在官方网站下载时，对于有多个镜像供选择的官方下载，我会给你提供镜像选择链接，替换为你的下载链接即可.
首先建立一个目录用于下载安装的文件吧.
mkdir lemp
cd lemp/
接下来下载并解压需要的软件
1.编译依赖库autoconf、libiconv等
稍微解释一下这几步，一般在Linux中编译程序，都是configure/make/make install三步，configure的作用是检查系统环境并生成Makefile文件，因为每个系统环境参数可能有所不同.make则是编译并生成可执行文件,make install则是把生成的部署到系统里面.
############编译autoconf-2.13######################
wget -c http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/gnu/autoconf/autoconf-2.13.tar.gz
tar xvfz autoconf-2.13.tar.gz
cd autoconf-2.13/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/autoconf-2.13
make
make install
cd ../
##################编译libiconv-1.14#################
wget -c http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
tar xvfz libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.14/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
#############编译Libmcrypt######################
wget -c wget -c http://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mcrypt/Libmcrypt/2.5.8/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
tar xvfj libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd http://www.cnblogs.com/
############编译mhash-0.9.9.9####################
wget -c http://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mhash/mhash/0.9.9.9/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.bz2
tar xvfj mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.bz2
cd mhash-0.9.9.9
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
###################创建需要的符号链接############
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
############编译Mcrypt##########
wget -c http://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mcrypt/MCrypt/2.6.8/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
2.编译安装mysql
#镜像选择：http://84.113.22.230:8980/mysql/downloads_html/mirrors.html
wget -c http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.58.tar.gz
tar xvfz mysql-5.1.58.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.58/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-extra-charsets=all --enable-thread-safe-client --enable-assembler --with-charset=utf8 --enable-thread-safe-client --with-extra-charsets=all --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile
make
make install
cd ../
##########添加专门的mysql用户和组，控制权限#######
groupadd mysql
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql mysql
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
sed -i 's/skip-locking/skip-external-locking/g' /etc/my.cnf
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var
chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/.
##########设置开机启动项##########
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql
cat > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf<<EOF
/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql
/usr/local/lib
EOF
ldconfig
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql start
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump /usr/bin/mysqldump
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/myisamchk /usr/bin/myisamchk
#############设置mysql root用户的密码
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 你的密码
/etc/init.d/mysql restart
/etc/init.d/mysql stop
#################添加mysql为系统服务###########
chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
service mysql on
3.编译安装PHP
#http://cn.php.net/get/php-5.2.17.tar.gz/from/a/mirror
wget -c http://cn.php.net/get/php-5.2.17.tar.gz/from/cn2.php.net/mirror
wget -c http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.17-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
wget -c http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget -c http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-3.0.5.tgz
wget -c http://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/eaccelerator/eaccelerator/eAccelerator%200.9.6.1/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.zip
############PHP配置环境变量###########
export PHP_AUTOCONF=/usr/local/autoconf-2.13/bin/autoconf
export PHP_AUTOHEADER=/usr/local/autoconf-2.13/bin/autoheader
###########编译PHP########
tar xvfz php-5.2.17.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.17-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.17 -p1
cd php-5.2.17/
./buildconf --force
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-magic-quotes --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --enable-ftp --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear --with-gettext --with-mime-magic
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
########创建PHP配置文件
mkdir -p /usr/local/php/etc
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
########创建PHP符号链接###########
ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/php /usr/bin/php
ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/phpize /usr/bin/phpize
ln -s /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm /usr/bin/php-fpm
#########编译memcache-3.0.5扩展#####
tar xvfz memcache-3.0.5.tgz
cd memcache-3.0.5/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
#########编译PDO_MYSQL扩展###########
tar xvfz PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
make
make install
cd ../
########编译PHP加速扩展###############
unzip eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.zip
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
########设置PHP配置文件############
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\n#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/post_max_size = 8M/post_max_size = 50M/g' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/upload_max_filesize = 2M/upload_max_filesize = 50M/g' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/;date.timezone =/date.timezone = PRC/g' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/short_open_tag = Off/short_open_tag = On/g' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/; cgi.fix_pathinfo=1/cgi.fix_pathinfo=0/g' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0/cgi.fix_pathinfo=0/g' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/max_execution_time = 30/max_execution_time = 300/g' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
cat >>/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini<<EOF
extension="eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="16"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/tmp/eaccelerator"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
EOF
###获取已经配置好的php-fpm等配置文件，你也可自行配置##
wget -c http://www.stackpop.org/conf.tar.bz2
tar xvfj conf.tar.bz2
rm -rf conf.tar.bz2
rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
cp conf/php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
###设置PHP解释器开机启动以及作为系统服务######
wget -c http://stackpop.org/init.d.php-fpm5.2
cp init.d.php-fpm5.2 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chkconfig --level 345 php-fpm on
4.编译安装nginx
#编译pcre库
wget -c http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.0.8.tar.gz
###############创建WEB专用用户#######
groupadd www
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g www www
mkdir -p /home/wwwroot
chmod +w /home/wwwroot
mkdir -p /home/wwwlogs
chmod 777 /home/wwwlogs
chown -R www:www /home/wwwroot
###########编译nginx#############
tar xvfz nginx-1.0.8.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.0.8/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-ipv6
make
make install
cd ../
rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
##########拷贝配置文件到nginx#####
cp conf/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
cp conf/dabr.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/dabr.conf
cp conf/discuz.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/discuz.conf
cp conf/sablog.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/sablog.conf
cp conf/typecho.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/typecho.conf
cp conf/wordpress.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/wordpress.conf
cp conf/discuzx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/discuzx.conf
cp conf/none.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/none.conf
cp conf/wp2.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/wp2.conf
sed -i 's/www.stackpop.org/'localhost'/g' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
cp conf/fcgi.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
/etc/init.d/mysql start
######获取nginx自动启动脚本######
wget http://stackpop.org/init-rpm-nginx.sh
cp init-rpm-nginx.sh /etc/init.d/nginx
chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
#######添加为系统开机启动服务#####
chkconfig --level 345 nginx on
/etc/init.d/nginx start
/etc/init.d/mysql start
/etc/init.d/php-fpm start
到此为止，你已经安装好了LEMP，至于优化的文章，大家可以自行搜过吧，呵呵~
重要的根目录:
mysql: /usr/local/mysql
php: /usr/local/php
nginx: /usr/local/nginx
web: /home/wwwroot
如果要添加虚拟主机，则搜索nginx添加虚拟主机的一般用法即可。
本文参考了lnmp.org的一键安装包，实际上更多地是对其代码进行了解析，并改成更符合人工部署逻辑和代码阅读的习惯，十分感谢.其中去掉了zend_optimize组件，替代为eAccelerator，另外不建议关闭SELinux服务，这是redhat发行版的精华，也是安全保障所在。
另外我自己修改后的一个更符合更适合阅读的代码，你可以下载作为LEMP自动化部署套件使用，对于非基于redhat发行版，请自行参考修改.
转：http://www.stackpop.org/blog/html/y2011/131_install_linux_nginx_mysql_php.html
