20253201刘人宁实验四实验报告
20253201 2025-2026-2 《Python程序设计》实验四报告
课程名称： Python程序设计
实验项目： 综合实践——天气推送程序
姓 名： 刘人宁
学 号： 20253201
班 级： 2532
实验日期： 2026年5月12日
一、实验基本信息
1.实验名称：基于 Python 实现天气数据爬取与企业微信定时推送
2.实验目的：综合运用这学期所学的python技术，实现每日定点天气微信提醒
3.实验环境：Python、Windows 系统
二、实验原理
利用 requests 库请求天气网站页面，BeautifulSoup 解析网页源码提取气温、天气状况、风力等数据
调用企业微信机器人 Webhook 接口，以 JSON 格式提交文本消息完成群内推送
借助多线程循环判断系统时间，到达设定时刻自动执行爬取与推送任务
三、实验过程与尝试方案
1.首先实现爬取天气信息的功能
2.然后问问豆包怎么实现微信推送
（1）由于方案一比较简单，所以先采用方案一试试
然而
问问豆包为什么？
我直接用最简单最直白最不绕弯子的话告诉你，包姐骗你的，早就用不了了，还给你说声对不起。
（2）再试试方案二用企业微信机器人来实现，再一遍遍看视频问豆包之后终于实现了再企业微信的群聊推送，但是却怎么也实现不了绑定微信，才发现这个功能已经被更新砍了，现在要申请企业认证才能用。豆包：别往心里去，豆姐跟你开玩笑呢。
代码如下：
点击查看代码
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import time
import threading
from datetime import datetime
city_id = "101030100"
send_h = 7
send_m = 30
wx_url = "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=b0463bf2-34bc-4276-ac1f-ebe5d39a5490"
def get_weather(cityid):
web_url = "http://www.weather.com.cn/weather/" + cityid + ".shtml"
header = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
}
try:
page = requests.get(web_url, headers=header, timeout=10)
page.encoding = "utf-8"
html = BeautifulSoup(page.text, "html.parser")
city_name = html.find("h1").get_text(strip=True)
today_data = html.find("ul", class_="t clearfix").find("li")
weather_text = today_data.find("p", class_="wea").get_text(strip=True)
temperature = today_data.find("p", class_="tem").get_text(strip=True)
wind_level = today_data.find("p", class_="win").get_text(strip=True)
msg = city_name + " 今日天气提醒\n"
msg = msg + "天气：" + weather_text + "\n"
msg = msg + "温度：" + temperature + "\n"
msg = msg + "风力：" + wind_level + "\n"
if "雨" in weather_text:
msg = msg + "\n有雨，记得带伞"
elif "雪" in weather_text:
msg = msg + "\n路面湿滑，注意保暖"
else:
num_temp = temperature.replace("℃", "")
num_temp = num_temp.replace(" ", "")
if "-" in num_temp:
low_num = int(num_temp.split("-")[0])
if low_num < 5:
msg = msg + "\n气温偏低，多穿衣服"
else:
if int(num_temp) > 30:
msg = msg + "\n天气炎热，注意防暑"
return msg
except:
return "天气数据获取失败"
def send_wechat(content):
send_data = {
"msgtype": "text",
"text": {"content": content}
}
try:
back = requests.post(wx_url, json=send_data, timeout=10)
back_json = back.json()
if back.status_code == 200 and back_json["errcode"] == 0:
print("消息发送成功")
return 1
else:
print("消息发送失败")
return 0
except:
print("发送出错啦")
return 0
def time_work():
print("定时任务已经启动")
while 1:
now = datetime.now()
if now.hour == send_h and now.minute == send_m:
weather_info = get_weather(city_id)
send_wechat(weather_info)
time.sleep(60)
time.sleep(10)
print("程序启动，开始获取天气")
info = get_weather(city_id)
send_wechat(info)
new_thread = threading.Thread(target=time_work)
new_thread.daemon = True
new_thread.start()
while 1:
time.sleep(1)
效果如下：
关于同步微信我尝试了两种方法，一种是关联使微信可以接受企业微信消息，发现这个功能已经被更新砍了，现在要申请企业认证才能用。第二种是以企业微信建群，拉入微信用户，发现这种外部群聊根本无法添加机器人。
于是，这种方案基本实现了推送，但效果差强人意，毕竟谁会天天看企业微信，不方便还占用手机空间。
（3）最终我尝试了方案三
通过sever酱第三方微信推送工具，只需要简单登入sever酱获取key就可以实现微信服务号推送，肥肠方便(๑•̀ㅂ•́)و✧。
代码如下
点击查看代码
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import time
import threading
from datetime import datetime
city_code = "101030100" # 天津城市代码
send_key = "SCT358016T0bOEqhCpGlIWHrg5F61pATHd "
hour =22 # 推送小时
minute = 13 # 推送分钟
def get_tianqi():
url = "http://www.weather.com.cn/weather/" + city_code + ".shtml"
header = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome/130.0.0"
}
try:
res = requests.get(url, headers=header, timeout=10)
res.encoding = "utf-8"
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, "html.parser")
city_name = soup.find("h1").text.strip()
today = soup.find("ul", class_="t clearfix").find("li")
tq = today.find("p", class_="wea").text.strip()
wd = today.find("p", class_="tem").text.strip()
fl = today.find("p", class_="win").text.strip()
tip = ""
if "雨" in tq:
tip = "下雨啦，记得带伞"
elif "雪" in tq:
tip = "下雪路滑，注意保暖"
else:
num = wd.replace("℃", "").replace(" ", "")
if "-" in num:
low = int(num.split("-")[0])
if low < 5:
tip = "气温偏低，多穿衣服"
else:
if int(num) > 30:
tip = "天气炎热，注意防暑"
msg = city_name + " 今日天气\n"
msg = msg + "天气：" + tq + "\n"
msg = msg + "温度：" + wd + "\n"
msg = msg + "风力：" + fl + "\n"
msg = msg + tip
return msg
except:
return "天气获取失败"
def send_wx():
content = get_tianqi()
url = "https://sctapi.ftqq.com/" + send_key + ".send"
data = {
"title": "每日天气提醒",
"desp": content
}
try:
requests.post(url, data=data)
print("消息发送成功")
except:
print("消息发送失败")
def ding_shi():
print("定时任务已启动")
while 1:
now = datetime.now()
if now.hour == hour and now.minute == minute:
send_wx()
time.sleep(60)
time.sleep(10)
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("正在测试发送消息...")
send_wx()
t = threading.Thread(target=ding_shi)
t.start()
while 1:
time.sleep(1)
效果如下
基本功能已经实现，现在进行一些创新，加一些有意思的东西
1.自己穿衣服容易只顾好看而不管薄厚冷暖，季节变换也容易不知道盖什么被子，所以加一个衣物被子推荐功能。
2.加一个跑操预测功能
先把最近不跑操的记录丢给豆包，让他查一下当日天气，拟合一下推导出一个跑操概率公式。但后面发现，跑操不只和当日有关，于是又加上前一天的天气，而且不同天气的权重也不应该一样，比如前日下雪肯定要比前日下雨对跑操的影响大，于是加入前日天气和权重。发现还是不准确，检查后发现是，当日天气算入了下午的天气，但是跑操在上午，下午天气不会影响，所以改正为前天全天天气＋当日上午天气。
最终效果如下
代码如下
点击查看代码
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import time
import threading
from datetime import datetime
city_code = "101030100" #城市代码
send_key = "SCT358016T0bOEqhCpGlIWHrg5F61pATHd "
hour = 22 #推送小时
minute = 13 #推送分钟
def get_tianqi():
url = "http://www.weather.com.cn/weather/" + city_code + ".shtml"
header = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome/130.0.0"
}
try:
res = requests.get(url, headers=header, timeout=10)
res.encoding = "utf-8"
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, "html.parser")
city_name = soup.find("h1").text.strip()
today = soup.find("ul", class_="t clearfix").find("li")
tq = today.find("p", class_="wea").text.strip()
wd = today.find("p", class_="tem").text.strip()
fl = today.find("p", class_="win").text.strip()
tip = ""
if "雨" in tq:
tip = "下雨啦，记得带伞"
elif "雪" in tq:
tip = "下雪路滑，注意保暖"
else:
num = wd.replace("℃", "").replace(" ", "")
if "-" in num:
low = int(num.split("-")[0])
if low < 5:
tip = "气温偏低，多穿衣服"
else:
if int(num) > 30:
tip = "天气炎热，注意防暑"
msg = city_name + " 今日天气\n"
msg = msg + "天气：" + tq + "\n"
msg = msg + "温度：" + wd + "\n"
msg = msg + "风力：" + fl + "\n"
msg = msg + tip
return msg, tq, wd
except:
return "天气获取失败", "未知天气", "未知温度"
def get_clothes_bedtip(temp_str):
num_raw = temp_str.replace("℃", "").replace(" ", "")
low_temp = 15
try:
if "/" in num_raw:
low_temp = int(num_raw.split("/")[-1])
elif "~" in num_raw:
low_temp = int(num_raw.split("~")[0])
elif "-" in num_raw and not num_raw.startswith("-"):
low_temp = int(num_raw.split("-")[0])
else:
low_temp = int(num_raw)
except:
low_temp = 15
if low_temp <= 5:
clothes = "穿搭：厚羽绒服、加绒秋衣秋裤、棉裤、保暖鞋，防风围巾"
bed = "被褥：厚棉被+毛毯，夜间注意关好门窗防寒"
elif 5 < low_temp <= 15:
clothes = "穿搭：薄羽绒服/呢子大衣、长袖打底+薄长裤"
bed = "被褥：常规加厚棉被即可"
elif 15 < low_temp <= 25:
clothes = "穿搭：薄外套、长袖T恤/薄卫衣、休闲长裤"
bed = "被褥：春秋薄被，无需厚被"
else:
clothes = "穿搭：短袖、短裤/薄长裤，透气面料"
bed = "被褥：夏凉被，夜间注意空调别着凉"
return f"\n【穿搭&被褥提示】\n{clothes}\n{bed}"
def calc_A(weather):
if "大雪" in weather:
return 1.00
elif "大雨" in weather:
return 0.90
elif "小雪" in weather:
return 0.70
elif "小雨" in weather:
return 0.50
elif any(k in weather for k in ["雾", "霾", "沙尘"]):
return 0.40
else:
return 0.00
# B系数（前一日全天天气）
def calc_B(pre_weather):
if "大雪" in pre_weather:
return 1.00
elif "大雨" in pre_weather:
return 0.80
elif "小雪" in pre_weather:
return 0.50
elif "小雨" in pre_weather:
return 0.30
else:
return 0.00
def get_run_prob(day_week, now_weather, pre_day_weather):
if day_week in [5, 6]:
return 0.0
A = calc_A(now_weather)
B = calc_B(pre_day_weather)
P = (1 - A) * (1 - B) * 100
return round(P, 2)
def get_7day_run_forecast():
url = "http://www.weather.com.cn/weather/" + city_code + ".shtml"
header = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome/130.0.0"}
try:
res = requests.get(url, headers=header, timeout=10)
res.encoding = "utf-8"
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, "html.parser")
day_list = soup.select("ul.t.clearfix > li")
weather_arr = []
week_arr = []
for li in day_list[:7]:
wk_text = li.find("h1").text.strip()
w_text = li.find("p", class_="wea").text.strip()
if "雷阵雨" in w_text or "阵雨" in w_text:
w_text = "小雨"
week_arr.append(wk_text)
weather_arr.append(w_text)
forecast_text = "\n【未来7天跑操概率预测】\n"
today_wk = datetime.now().weekday()
for i in range(7):
curr_wk = (today_wk + i) % 7
curr_wea = weather_arr[i]
if i == 0:
pre_wea = "晴"
else:
pre_wea = weather_arr[i-1]
prob = get_run_prob(curr_wk, curr_wea, pre_wea)
forecast_text += f"{week_arr[i]}：{prob}%概率正常跑操\n"
return forecast_text
except Exception as e:
return f"\n【未来7天跑操概率预测】\n7天天气数据获取失败：{str(e)}"
def send_wx():
content, today_wea, today_temp = get_tianqi()
add_cloth = get_clothes_bedtip(today_temp)
add_run = get_7day_run_forecast()
full_msg = content + add_cloth + add_run
url = "https://sctapi.ftqq.com/" + send_key + ".send"
data = {
"title": "每日天气提醒",
"desp": full_msg
}
try:
requests.post(url, data=data)
print("消息发送成功")
except:
print("消息发送失败")
def ding_shi():
print("定时任务已启动")
while 1:
now = datetime.now()
if now.hour == hour and now.minute == minute:
send_wx()
time.sleep(60)
time.sleep(10)
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("正在测试发送消息...")
send_wx()
t = threading.Thread(target=ding_shi)
t.start()
while 1:
time.sleep(1)
最后让ai美化一下写个GUI。
效果如下
代码如下
点击查看代码
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import time
import threading
from datetime import datetime
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
city_code = "101030100"
send_key = "SCT358016T0bOEqhCpGlIWHrg5F61pATHd"
push_hour = 22
push_minute = 13
def get_tianqi():
url = "http://www.weather.com.cn/weather/" + city_code + ".shtml"
header = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome/130.0.0"
}
try:
res = requests.get(url, headers=header, timeout=10)
res.encoding = "utf-8"
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, "html.parser")
city_name = soup.find("h1").text.strip()
today = soup.find("ul", class_="t clearfix").find("li")
tq = today.find("p", class_="wea").text.strip()
wd = today.find("p", class_="tem").text.strip()
fl = today.find("p", class_="win").text.strip()
tip = ""
if "雨" in tq:
tip = "下雨啦，记得带伞"
elif "雪" in tq:
tip = "下雪路滑，注意保暖"
else:
num = wd.replace("℃", "").replace(" ", "")
if "-" in num:
low = int(num.split("-")[0])
if low < 5:
tip = "气温偏低，多穿衣服"
else:
if int(num) > 30:
tip = "天气炎热，注意防暑"
msg = f"### {city_name} 今日天气\n\n"
msg += f"- 天气：{tq}\n"
msg += f"- 温度：{wd}\n"
msg += f"- 风力：{fl}\n"
msg += f"- 温馨提示：{tip}\n"
return msg, tq, wd
except:
return "### 天气获取失败", "未知天气", "未知温度"
def get_clothes_bedtip(temp_str):
num_raw = temp_str.replace("℃", "").replace(" ", "")
low_temp = 15
try:
if "/" in num_raw:
low_temp = int(num_raw.split("/")[-1])
elif "~" in num_raw:
low_temp = int(num_raw.split("~")[0])
elif "-" in num_raw and not num_raw.startswith("-"):
low_temp = int(num_raw.split("-")[0])
else:
low_temp = int(num_raw)
except:
low_temp = 15
if low_temp <= 5:
clothes = "厚羽绒服、加绒秋衣秋裤、棉裤、保暖鞋，防风围巾"
bed = "厚棉被+毛毯，夜间注意关好门窗防寒"
elif 5 < low_temp <= 15:
clothes = "薄羽绒服/呢子大衣、长袖打底+薄长裤"
bed = "常规加厚棉被即可"
elif 15 < low_temp <= 25:
clothes = "薄外套、长袖T恤/薄卫衣、休闲长裤"
bed = "春秋薄被，无需厚被"
else:
clothes = "短袖、短裤/薄长裤，透气面料"
bed = "夏凉被，夜间注意空调别着凉"
res = "\n---\n### 👕穿搭&被褥提示\n\n"
res += f"- 穿搭建议：{clothes}\n"
res += f"- 被褥建议：{bed}\n"
return res
# A/B系数、跑操概率
def calc_A(weather):
if "大雪" in weather:
return 1.00
elif "大雨" in weather:
return 0.90
elif "小雪" in weather:
return 0.70
elif "小雨" in weather:
return 0.50
elif any(k in weather for k in ["雾", "霾", "沙尘"]):
return 0.40
else:
return 0.00
def calc_B(pre_weather):
if "大雪" in pre_weather:
return 1.00
elif "大雨" in pre_weather:
return 0.80
elif "小雪" in pre_weather:
return 0.50
elif "小雨" in pre_weather:
return 0.30
else:
return 0.00
def get_run_prob(day_week, now_weather, pre_day_weather):
if day_week in [5, 6]:
return 0.0
A = calc_A(now_weather)
B = calc_B(pre_day_weather)
P = (1 - A) * (1 - B) * 100
return round(P, 2)
def get_7day_run_forecast():
url = "http://www.weather.com.cn/weather/" + city_code + ".shtml"
header = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome/130.0.0"}
try:
res = requests.get(url, headers=header, timeout=10)
res.encoding = "utf-8"
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, "html.parser")
day_list = soup.select("ul.t.clearfix > li")
weather_arr = []
week_arr = []
for li in day_list[:7]:
wk_text = li.find("h1").text.strip()
w_text = li.find("p", class_="wea").text.strip()
if "雷阵雨" in w_text or "阵雨" in w_text:
w_text = "小雨"
week_arr.append(wk_text)
weather_arr.append(w_text)
forecast_text = "\n---\n### 🏃未来7天跑操概率预测\n\n"
today_wk = datetime.now().weekday()
for i in range(7):
curr_wk = (today_wk + i) % 7
curr_wea = weather_arr[i]
pre_wea = weather_arr[i-1] if i>0 else "晴"
prob = get_run_prob(curr_wk, curr_wea, pre_wea)
forecast_text += f"- {week_arr[i]}：{prob}%概率正常跑操\n"
return forecast_text
except Exception as e:
return f"\n---\n### 🏃未来7天跑操概率预测\n\n数据获取失败：{str(e)}"
def send_wx():
global send_key
content, today_wea, today_temp = get_tianqi()
add_cloth = get_clothes_bedtip(today_temp)
add_run = get_7day_run_forecast()
full_msg = content + add_cloth + add_run
url = "https://sctapi.ftqq.com/" + send_key.strip() + ".send"
data = {"title": "每日天气&跑操提醒", "desp": full_msg}
try:
requests.post(url, data=data)
return "✅消息发送成功"
except Exception as e:
return f"❌发送失败：{str(e)}"
def ding_shi():
global push_hour,push_minute
while True:
now = datetime.now()
if now.hour == push_hour and now.minute == push_minute:
send_wx()
time.sleep(60)
time.sleep(10)
# ==========GUI界面==========
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("天气推送配置工具｜美化排版版")
root.geometry("500x360")
var_city = tk.StringVar(value=city_code)
var_sckey = tk.StringVar(value=send_key.strip())
var_h = tk.StringVar(value=str(push_hour))
var_m = tk.StringVar(value=str(push_minute))
var_log = tk.StringVar(value="就绪，修改参数后点保存配置")
def save_config():
global city_code,send_key,push_hour,push_minute
city_code = var_city.get().strip()
send_key = var_sckey.get().strip()
try:
push_hour = int(var_h.get())
push_minute = int(var_m.get())
var_log.set("✅配置保存完成")
except:
var_log.set("❌时分必须是数字")
def test_send():
res = send_wx()
var_log.set(res)
def start_task():
t = threading.Thread(target=ding_shi, daemon=True)
t.start()
var_log.set("⏰定时任务已后台启动")
ttk.Label(root,text="城市天气代码：").place(x=30,y=25)
ent_city = ttk.Entry(root,textvariable=var_city,width=42)
ent_city.place(x=130,y=25)
ttk.Label(root,text="Server酱SCKEY：").place(x=30,y=65)
ent_key = ttk.Entry(root,textvariable=var_sckey,width=42)
ent_key.place(x=130,y=65)
ttk.Label(root,text="推送定时：").place(x=30,y=105)
ent_h = ttk.Entry(root,textvariable=var_h,width=6)
ent_h.place(x=130,y=105)
ttk.Label(root,text="时").place(x=175,y=105)
ent_m = ttk.Entry(root,textvariable=var_m,width=6)
ent_m.place(x=205,y=105)
ttk.Label(root,text="分").place(x=250,y=105)
btn_save = ttk.Button(root,text="保存配置",command=save_config)
btn_save.place(x=30,y=150,width=110)
btn_test = ttk.Button(root,text="测试推送",command=test_send)
btn_test.place(x=155,y=150,width=110)
btn_start = ttk.Button(root,text="启动定时",command=start_task)
btn_start.place(x=280,y=150,width=110)
ttk.Label(root,text="运行日志：").place(x=30,y=200)
lab_log = ttk.Label(root,textvariable=var_log,foreground="#227722")
lab_log.place(x=90,y=200)
root.mainloop()
四、实验问题、故障分析与解决。
1.前两个个微信推送方案不能用
原因：方法太老，所用功能已经更新失效
解决：换了一个方法
2.在加入新功能后，推送消息一直显示为“天气获取失败”
原因：在加入新功能时，不小心写了一个错误的逻辑，导致一些代码必定执行，效果是推送发生错误的原因 “天气获取失败”并结束代码。
解决：更正错误逻辑
3.利用ai美化并添加GUI时，代码报错
原因：豆包瞎写
解决：让他重新写
4.跑操概率公式预测不准
原因：漏掉了好多因素
解决：加入前日天气，当天天气改为上午，加入天气权重
五、实验结果
成功爬取目标城市实时天气、温度、风力信息，并附带衣物被子雨伞提示，并成功预测跑操，经检验第二天跑操预测准确率高达90%（低于50%算预测不跑操，反之亦然，10天猜对了9天，有一天没猜对，因为那天其实应该跑操的，早上没雨，但是不知道为啥没跑操。）定时功能生效。
六、视频演示
七、Gitee链接
八、实验总结与体会
这次期末大作业，让我明白，一个程序的开发是多么费劲，一个程序不同于平时的作业，代码量一上来，写完直接十几个报错，而且改一个多出来两个，非常折磨。同时我也认识到大模型的局限性，在利用ai美化添加GUI时它写的代码全是错，而且根本没法改，只能让它重新做，并不像平时用它生成个论文呢一样，发个要求就行，项目难度一上来，要求一复杂，它就像听不懂人话一样，要反复修改提示词，反复尝试，耗费的时间都足够自己完成任务了。这提醒我，不能过于依赖大模型，自己会永远强于大模型，运用更灵活，并且自己会的话即使运用大模型也更加得心应手。
九、课程感悟与体会
通过本次课程，我在老师的带领下逐步从python门外汉成长为具备基本编程能力的python小白，从配置pycharm，配置gitee，调试开始，逐步学习了变量，数据类型，运算和各种程序结构，然后学习了列表字符串元组等，最后学习了爬虫，实现了python从入门到入狱。并在最后的期末大作业中，运用了这些技巧，完成了一个基础的小程序。这一简单的程序，看似轻而易举，但是展现着我这一学期的进步，从开始的gitee都用不明白，到可以自己独立写程序，这一课程对我以后的学习也意义重大，感谢王老师的悉心教导。python之外我也感受到王老师并不是一个枯燥的人，反而呢十分有趣，从有意思的手势签到，到授课方式，再到群聊里面的发言、朋友圈。并且王老师十分耐心，第一次配置pycharm，王老师一直在教室调试同学设备到了10点。同时我发现王老师也十分热爱体育。对于课程的建议，我觉得就是关于python，gitee的配置一定要十分十分十分详细，因为这俩东西没配置好实在是太折磨了，还有就是王老师球踢的挺好，建议王老师多跟我们踢球。：-）
十、课程知识点总结
本学期Python课程内容循序渐进，我从零基础逐步掌握了Python的基础语法与常用编程方法。首先熟悉了变量、数据类型、运算符等基础内容，能够熟练使用顺序、分支、循环三种程序结构编写基础代码，掌握了break、continue等循环控制方式。
在数据结构方面，我学会了列表、字符串、元组、字典的日常使用，掌握了序列切片、数据遍历、增删改查等常用操作，理解了不同容器的特点和适用场景，尤其熟悉字典键值映射的使用方法，能够用它简化复杂判断逻辑。
同时我掌握了函数的定义与调用，理解了局部变量与全局变量的区别，学会将重复代码封装成函数，提高代码复用性。通过学习面向对象基础，我初步了解了类、对象、属性、方法以及简单的类继承，对模块化编程有了更直观的认识。
此外，我掌握了文件读写操作和异常捕获机制，能够通过try-except处理程序运行中的常见错误，有效提高程序稳定性。课程后期我还接触了第三方库使用、简单网络知识以及代码规范、程序调试方法，初步具备了独立编写、调试、完善小型Python项目的能力。
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