dns和dhcp服务和mariadb服务

 

1：dhcp服务

就是自动的获取地址，即可

路由器分配ip地址，安装了dhcp服务器，

目的：客户端自动的获取ip地址

操作：

#安装包名
[root@rhel9 /]# yum -y install dhcp-server
[root@rhel9 /]# systemctl status dhcpd
○ dhcpd.service - DHCPv4 Server Daemon
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service; disa>
     Active: inactive (dead)
       Docs: man:dhcpd(8)
             man:dhcpd.conf(5)

dhcp配置文件在这里
[root@rhel9 dhcp]# ls
dhclient.d  dhcpd6.conf  dhcpd.conf
[root@rhel9 dhcp]# pwd
/etc/dhcp

[root@rhel9 dhcp]# cat dhcpd.conf 
#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
#   see /usr/share/doc/dhcp-server/dhcpd.conf.example
#   see dhcpd.conf(5) man page
#
subnet 192.168.109.0 netmask 255.255.255.0
{
 range 192.168.109.77 192.168.109.89;  ##dhcp地址段就在里面
 option routers 192.168.109.2;  ##默认的路由
 option broadcast-address 192.168.109.255;  ##广播地址
 default-lease-time 7200;   ##默认的租期
 max-lease-time 24000;  #最大的租期
}

 

客户端就只需要网卡自启，开启dhcp服务即可，就能获得dhcp自动分配的地址了

　　

dhcp固定地址：

就是设置某些主机是固定的

###思路就是先绑定mac地址即可
subnet  192.168.109.0   netmask 255.255.255.0
{
  range 192.168.109.25  192.168.109.200;
  option routers 192.168.109.2;
  option broadcast-address 192.168.109.255;
  default-lease-time 1000;
  max-lease-time 3000;
}
host 339
{
 hardware ethernet 00:0c:29:f8:f4:11;
 fixed-address  192.168.109.88;
}

 

客户端需要自动的获取地址　　

2：dns服务

 正反解查询命令：host，nslookup，dig命令

1、host命令

#查询这个命令在哪里包
[root@rhel9 /]# host www.baidu.com
www.baidu.com is an alias for www.a.shifen.com.
www.a.shifen.com has address 183.2.172.185
www.a.shifen.com has address 183.2.172.42
www.a.shifen.com has IPv6 address 240e:ff:e020:966:0:ff:b042:f296
www.a.shifen.com has IPv6 address 240e:ff:e020:9ae:0:ff:b014:8e8b
[root@rhel9 /]# host -a www.baidu.com
Trying "www.baidu.com"
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 42023
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.baidu.com.			IN	ANY

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.baidu.com.		1173	IN	CNAME	www.a.shifen.com.

Received 58 bytes from 119.29.29.29#53 in 21 ms

2、nslookup命令

[root@rhel9 /]# nslookup www.baidu.com
Server:		119.29.29.29
Address:	119.29.29.29#53   #为119这个的53为端口

Non-authoritative answer:
www.baidu.com	canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
Name:	www.a.shifen.com
Address: 180.101.50.188
Name:	www.a.shifen.com
Address: 180.101.50.242
Name:	www.a.shifen.com
Address: 240e:ff:e020:966:0:ff:b042:f296
Name:	www.a.shifen.com
Address: 240e:ff:e020:9ae:0:ff:b014:8e8b

#查看本机的dns服务ip地址
[root@rhel9 /]# nslookup server
Server:		119.29.29.29
Address:	119.29.29.29#53

** server can't find server: NXDOMAIN

3、dig命令

域名查询命令，　　

[root@rhel9 /]# dig www.baidu.com

; <<>> DiG 9.16.23-RH <<>> www.baidu.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 4101  ##noerror本次检查没有问题
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
; COOKIE: 04d491e686ffa7f3 (echoed)
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.baidu.com.			IN	A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.baidu.com.		1137	IN	CNAME	www.a.shifen.com.
www.a.shifen.com.	237	IN	A	180.101.50.242
www.a.shifen.com.	237	IN	A	180.101.50.188

;; Query time: 26 msec
;; SERVER: 119.29.29.29#53(119.29.29.29)
;; WHEN: Fri May 10 15:58:10 CST 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 113

　　

 

目的：将www.cs107.net这个域名解析为192.168.109.222这个地址

dns服务器操作：

[root@rhel9 /]# yum -y install bind

#主配置文件修改
[root@rhel9 /]# vim /etc/named.conf
listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1;any; };
allow-query     { localhost;any; };
dnssec-validation no;

子配置文件的修改
[root@rhel9 /]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "cs107.net" IN{   ##解析这个域名
        type master;
        file "eee.zone";   ##zone的文件为
        allow-update { none; };
};

#zone的配置文件修改
直接复制模版文件
[root@rhel9 /]# cp /var/named/named.localhost  /var/named/eee.zone
[root@rhel9 /]# cat /var/named/eee.zone 
$TTL 1D
@	IN SOA cs107.net.       rname.invalid. (      ###这个就是域名
					0	; serial
					1D	; refresh
					1H	; retry
					1W	; expire
					3H )	; minimum
@	NS	www.cs107.net.      ###要解析的
www	A	192.168.109.222     ###www.cs107.net 解析为 这个ip地址


#检查格式
[root@rhel9 /]# named-checkconf  /etc/named.conf 
[root@rhel9 /]# named-checkconf  /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 
最后一个检查要进入里面去才行
[root@rhel9 named]# pwd
/var/named
[root@rhel9 named]# named-checkzone eee.zone eee.zone 
zone eee.zone/IN: loaded serial 0
OK

#重启服务
[root@rhel9 named]# systemctl restart named

　　

客户端的操作： 

#指定域名解析服务器
[root@client ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf 
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 192.168.109.10

 

注意的点就是zone文件的拥有人和组都是named用户才行，才能进行读取　　

 

防火墙和selinux的放行

[root@rhel9 named]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=dns
success
[root@rhel9 named]# firewall-cmd --reload 
success
[root@rhel9 named]# setsebool  -P named_write_master_zones on

 

 3：数据库服务

yum -y install mariadb-server
systemctl restart mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb
mysql_secure_installation
mysql -uroot -predhat