专注虚拟机与编译器研究

第4.4篇-常量池解析(1)

在调用ClassFileParser::parseClassFile()方法对类文件进行解释时,会调用ClassFileParser::parse_constant_pool()方法对常量池进行解释,调用的语句如下:

constantPoolHandle cp = parse_constant_pool(CHECK_(nullHandle));

方法parse_constant_pool()的实现如下:

constantPoolHandle ClassFileParser::parse_constant_pool(TRAPS) {
  ClassFileStream* cfs = stream();
  constantPoolHandle nullHandle;

  u2 length = cfs->get_u2_fast();
  ConstantPool* constant_pool = ConstantPool::allocate(_loader_data, length,
                                                        CHECK_(nullHandle));
  _cp = constant_pool; // save in case of errors
  constantPoolHandle cp (THREAD, constant_pool);
  // ...
  // parsing constant pool entries
  parse_constant_pool_entries(length, CHECK_(nullHandle));
  return cp;
}

调用ConstantPool::allocate()创建ConstantPool对象,然后调用parse_constant_pool_entries()解析常量池中的项并将这些项保存到ConstantPool对象中。  

首先介绍一下ConstantPool类,这个类的对象代码具体的常量池,保存着常量池元信息。

1、ConstantPool类

类的定义如下:

class ConstantPool : public Metadata {
 private:
  Array<u1>*           _tags;        // the tag array describing the constant pool's contents
  ConstantPoolCache*   _cache;       // the cache holding interpreter runtime information 解释执行时的运行时信息
  InstanceKlass*       _pool_holder; // the corresponding class
  Array<u2>*           _operands;    // for variable-sized (InvokeDynamic) nodes, usually empty

  // Array of resolved objects from the constant pool and map from resolved
  // object index to original constant pool index
  jobject              _resolved_references; // jobject是指针类型
  Array<u2>*           _reference_map;

  int                  _flags;  // old fashioned bit twiddling
  int                  _length; // number of elements in the array

  union {
    // set for CDS to restore resolved references
    int                _resolved_reference_length;
    // keeps version number for redefined classes (used in backtrace)
    int                _version;
  } _saved;

  Monitor*             _lock;
  ...
}

类表示常量池元信息,所以继承了类Metadata。_tags表示常量池中的内容,常量池中的总项数通过_length来保存,所以_tags数组的长度也为_length,具体存储的内容就是每一项的tag值,这都是虚拟机规范定义好的;_cache辅助解释运行来保存一些信息,在介绍解释运行时会介绍。其它的属性暂时不做过多介绍。

常量池中包含的信息如下:

16535373-7693299f5a4dbc32.png

2、创建ConstantPool实例

在解析常量池的方法ClassFileParser::parse_constant_pool()中首先会调用ConstantPool::allocate()方法创建ConstantPool实例,方法的实现如下:

ConstantPool* ConstantPool::allocate(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, int length, TRAPS) {
  // Tags are RW but comment below applies to tags also.
  Array<u1>* tags = MetadataFactory::new_writeable_array<u1>(loader_data, length, 0, CHECK_NULL);

  int size = ConstantPool::size(length);

  // CDS considerations:
  // Allocate read-write but may be able to move to read-only at dumping time
  // if all the klasses are resolved.  The only other field that is writable is
  // the resolved_references array, which is recreated at startup time.
  // But that could be moved to InstanceKlass (although a pain to access from
  // assembly code).  Maybe it could be moved to the cpCache which is RW.
  return new (loader_data, size, false, MetaspaceObj::ConstantPoolType, THREAD) ConstantPool(tags);
}

参数length就表示常量池项的数量,调用ConstantPool::size()计算所需要分配内存的大小,然后创建ConstantPool对象返回。size()方法的实现如下:

static int size(int length){
	  int s = header_size();
	  return align_object_size(s + length);
}

// Sizing (in words)
static int header_size() {
	  int num = sizeof(ConstantPool);
	  return num/HeapWordSize;
}

由方法实现可知,就是ConstantPool实例本身占用的内存大小加上length个指针长度。ConstantPool对象最终的内存布局如下图所示。

 _valid是定义在Metadata中的int类型,只有debug版本才有,如果是product版本,则没有这个属性,那么Metadata就只占用8字节。关于对象的内存布局在之前已经介绍过,这里不再介绍。

调用header_size()在debug版本下得到的值为88(在不压缩指针的情况下,也就是使用命令XX禁止指针压缩),然后还需要加上length个指针宽度,这就是ConstantPool对象需要的内存空间大小。

通过重载new运算符进行堆内存分配,new运算符的重载定义在MetaspaceObj(ConstantPool间接继承此类)类中,如下:

void* MetaspaceObj::operator new(size_t size, ClassLoaderData* loader_data,
                                 size_t word_size, bool read_only,
                                 MetaspaceObj::Type type, TRAPS) throw() {
  // Klass has it's own operator new
  return Metaspace::allocate(loader_data, word_size, read_only,
                             type, CHECK_NULL);
}

调用的Metaspace::allocate()方法在堆中分配内存,这个方法在介绍垃圾收集时将详细介绍,这里只需要知道,这个方法会在堆中分配size大小的内存并且会将内存清零。

调用ConstantPool构造函数初始化一些属性,如下:

ConstantPool::ConstantPool(Array<u1>* tags) {
  set_length(tags->length());
  set_tags(NULL);
  set_cache(NULL);
  set_reference_map(NULL);
  set_resolved_references(NULL);
  set_operands(NULL);
  set_pool_holder(NULL);
  set_flags(0);

  // only set to non-zero if constant pool is merged by RedefineClasses
  set_version(0);
  set_lock(new Monitor(Monitor::nonleaf + 2, "A constant pool lock"));

  // initialize tag array
  int length = tags->length();
  for (int index = 0; index < length; index++) {
    tags->at_put(index, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
  }
  set_tags(tags);
}

可以看到对tags、_length及_lock等属性的初始化。其中tags数组中存储了JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid值,在分析具体的常量池项时会更新为如下枚举类中定义的值:

源代码位置:hotspot/src/share/vm/prims/jvm.h
enum {
    JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8 = 1,      // 1
    JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode,       // 2      /* unused */
    JVM_CONSTANT_Integer,       // 3
    JVM_CONSTANT_Float,         // 4
    JVM_CONSTANT_Long,          // 5
    JVM_CONSTANT_Double,        // 6
    JVM_CONSTANT_Class,         // 7
    JVM_CONSTANT_String,        // 8
    JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref,      // 9
    JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref,     // 10
    JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref,   // 11
    JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType,          // 12
    JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle           = 15,  // JSR 292
    JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType             = 16,  // JSR 292
    //JVM_CONSTANT_(unused)             = 17,  // JSR 292 early drafts only
    JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic          = 18,  // JSR 292
    JVM_CONSTANT_ExternalMax            = 18   // Last tag found in classfiles
};

这就是常量池项中的tag值,不过常量池第一项仍然为JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid。

下面介绍一下虚拟机规范规定的格式:

CONSTANT_Utf8_info {
    u1 tag;
    u2 length;
    u1 bytes[length];
}

CONSTANT_Integer_info {
    u1 tag;
    u4 bytes;
}

CONSTANT_Float_info {
    u1 tag;
    u4 bytes;
}

CONSTANT_Long_info {
    u1 tag;
    u4 high_bytes;
    u4 low_bytes;
}

CONSTANT_Double_info {
    u1 tag;
    u4 high_bytes;
    u4 low_bytes;
}

CONSTANT_Class_info {
    u1 tag;
    u2 name_index;
}


CONSTANT_String_info {
    u1 tag;
    u2 string_index;
}

CONSTANT_Fieldref_info {
    u1 tag;
    u2 class_index;
    u2 name_and_type_index;
}

CONSTANT_Methodref_info {
    u1 tag;
    u2 class_index;
    u2 name_and_type_index;
}

CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info {
    u1 tag;
    u2 class_index;
    u2 name_and_type_index;
}

CONSTANT_NameAndType_info {
    u1 tag;
    u2 name_index;
    u2 descriptor_index;
}


CONSTANT_MethodHandle_info {
    u1 tag;
    u1 reference_kind;
    u2 reference_index;
}

CONSTANT_MethodType_info {
    u1 tag;
    u2 descriptor_index;
}

CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic_info {
    u1 tag;
    u2 bootstrap_method_attr_index;
    u2 name_and_type_index;
}

在常量池解析过程中,通过索引确定了常量池项后会将tag放到ConstantPool类中的_tags数组中,数组的下标与常量池索引相对应;剩下的信息只能存储到ConstantPool类后开辟的length个指针宽度的空间中,也可以成是length长度的指针数组,其中的下标也与常量池索引对应。指针在64位上的长度为8,所以能够存储除CONSTANT_Utf8_info外的所有常量池项信息(除tag外)。例如对于CONSTANT_Double_info来说,高4位存储high_bytes,低4位存储low_bytes。遇到CONSTANT_Utf8_info常量池项时,直接封装为Symbol对象,这样只要存储指向Symbol对象的指针即可。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

posted on 2020-07-31 08:21  鸠摩(马智)  阅读(898)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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