kubernetes集群最新版安装
原文地址：https://haiyux.cc/2022/09/21/k8s-install/
虚拟机准备
我这里准备了三台虚拟机，分别部署一个master和两个node，操作系统位ubuntu 20.04。以下为特殊说明为三台机器都要做此操作
安装容器runtime
之前，我们用的容器runtime基本都是docker，但是docker并没有实现k8s的CRI，是在kubelet的有一个组件叫docker-shim做转化，在kubernetes v1.24版本以上这个组件已经废弃，这里选择containerd做容器runtime。当然，containerd是可以使用docker的镜像的。如果非要使用docker的话，被kubernetes废弃的docker-shim被docker自己维护起来了，可以试试看。但是不建议纯纯的浪费资源。
安装
apt install -y containerd
生成默认配置
mkdir /etc/containerd
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
配置systemd cgroup驱动程序
sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup = false/SystemdCgroup = true/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml
设置代理和修改pause镜像
重所周知的原因
- 镜像加速
我这里用的网易docker源 你也可以用别的 阿里源等
限免的的
https://xxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com是阿里云加速，xxxx是我屏蔽字段https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou/instances/mirrors 可以自啊这个地址申请自己的
sed -i 's|config_path = ""|config_path = "/etc/containerd/certs.d/"|g' /etc/containerd/config.toml
mkdir -p /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io
mkdir -p /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io
cat >/etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/hosts.toml <<EOF
server = "https://docker.io"
[host."https://xxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
capabilities = ["pull","resolve"]
[host."https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]
capabilities = ["pull","resolve"]
[host."https://registry-1.docker.io"]
capabilities = ["pull","resolve","push"]
EOF
- 把sandbox_image 修改成阿里云镜像版本自己看着办 不然kube-apiserver可能起不来
vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.8"
启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable containerd
systemctl start containerd
测试
这里使用 nerdctl工具测试
nerdctl 是 containerd 房官方提供的加强版命令行工具 https://github.com/containerd/nerdctl
下载方式
wget https://ghproxy.com/https://github.com/containerd/nerdctl/releases/download/v0.23.0/nerdctl-0.23.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xzvf nerdctl-0.23.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin
nerdctl --debug pull busybox
DEBU[0000] verification process skipped
DEBU[0000] Found hosts dir "/etc/containerd/certs.d"
DEBU[0000] Ignoring hosts dir "/etc/docker/certs.d" error="stat /etc/docker/certs.d: no such file or directory"
DEBU[0000] The image will be unpacked for platform {"amd64" "linux" "" [] ""}, snapshotter "overlayfs".
DEBU[0000] fetching image="docker.io/library/busybox:latest"
DEBU[0000] loading host directory dir=/etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io
DEBU[0000] resolving host=hub-mirror.c.163.com
DEBU[0000] do request host=hub-mirror.c.163.com request.header.accept="application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json, application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.list.v2+json, application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json, application/vnd.oci.image.index.v1+json, */*" request.header.user-agent=containerd/1.6.0+unknown request.method=HEAD url="http://hub-mirror.c.163.com/v2/library/busybox/manifests/latest?ns=docker.io"
看到 host=hub-mirror.c.163.com 代表配置成功
其他准备工作
防火墙
# 查看状态
ufw status
# 如果打开着呢 请关闭
ufw disable
时间同步
apt install -y ntpdate
ntpdate time.windows.com
关闭swap分区
# 永久生效 需要重启
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
# 临时关闭，重启后无效
swapoff -a
将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
- 在每个节点上将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.swappiness = 0
EOF
# 加载br_netfilter模块
modprobe br_netfilter
# 查看是否加载
lsmod | grep br_netfilter
# 生效
sysctl --system
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
开启ipvs
在kubernetes中service有两种代理模型，一种是基于iptables，另一种是基于ipvs的。ipvs的性能要高于iptables的，但是如果要使用它，需要手动载入ipvs模块。
apt install -y ipset ipvsadm
mkdir -p /etc/sysconfig/modules
cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
EOF
授权、运行、检查是否加载
chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4
检查是否加载
lsmod | grep -e ipvs -e nf_conntrack
sysctl --system
设置主机名
设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>
三台机器分别为
# 192.168.56.100
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master
# 192.168.56.101
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1
# 192.168.56.102
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node2
安装kubeadm、kubelet和kubectl
安装https工具
apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl
下载阿里云cloud公钥
为什么下载阿里云的，不去下载 kubernetes 官方的 你懂得
sudo curl -fsSLo /usr/share/keyrings/kubernetes-archive-keyring.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg
添加 Kubernetes apt 仓库
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/kubernetes-archive-keyring.gpg] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
更新 apt 包索引，安装 kubelet、kubeadm 和 kubectl，并锁定其版本：
apt update
apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
查看k8s所需镜像
kubeadm config images list
egistry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.25.2
registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.25.2
registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler:v1.25.2
registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy:v1.25.2
registry.k8s.io/pause:3.8
registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.4-0
registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.9.3
初始化（只有master执行）
如果带上debug日志可以在后面加 --v=9
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.56.100 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.25.2 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
出现这个代表 init 成功
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.56.100:6443 --token qsmewy.fd3hlnkr6b3tb570 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:08afdf5077a0ee0f72553640e09356f19846d030552c35357d05032f95a14b89
根据提示执行
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
根据提示在两台node上执行命令 加入集群（这个写你自己master弹出来的命令）
kubeadm join 192.168.56.100:6443 --token qsmewy.fd3hlnkr6b3tb570 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:08afdf5077a0ee0f72553640e09356f19846d030552c35357d05032f95a14b89
出现这个代表节点加入集群成功
This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
部署CNI网络插件
- kubernetes支持多种网络插件，比如flannel、calico、canal等，任选一种即可，本次选择flannel
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
这个是网络地址，可能是失败这里提供一个yaml下载，然后 apply，kube-flannel.yml
测试
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready control-plane 31m v1.25.2
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 31m v1.25.2
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 30m v1.25.2
kubectl get pod -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-c676cc86f-chtqm 1/1 Running 0 31m
coredns-c676cc86f-ph8wl 1/1 Running 0 31m
etcd-k8s-master 1/1 Running 1 32m
kube-apiserver-k8s-master 1/1 Running 1 32m
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master 1/1 Running 1 32m
kube-proxy-949st 1/1 Running 0 31m
kube-proxy-9zjnb 1/1 Running 0 31m
kube-proxy-g98kp 1/1 Running 0 31m
kube-scheduler-k8s-master 1/1 Running 1 32m
kubectl get pod -n kube-flannel
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-flannel-ds-jk8fp 1/1 Running 0 2m2s
kube-flannel-ds-pmmcs 1/1 Running 0 2m2s
kube-flannel-ds-r5j7s 1/1 Running 0 2m2s
创建一个 nginx pod
kubectl run nginx --image=nginx:1.17.1
kubectl get pod -owide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx 1/1 Running 0 27s 10.244.1.2 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
创建一个 service
# vim nginx-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx
spec:
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- port: 8080
targetPort: 80
protocol: TCP
name: http
selector:
run: nginx
kubectl apply -f nginx-svc.yaml
kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 43m
nginx ClusterIP 10.110.94.194 <none> 8080/TCP 92s
之后加入node
master执行
kubeadm token create --ttl 0 --print-join-command
执行打印出来的命令
