Python之路【第三十篇】:django 模型层-多表关系

多表操作

 文件为 ---->  orm2

数据库表关系之关联字段与外键约束

一对多
Book id title price publish email addr 1 php 100 人民出版社 111 北京 2 python 120 沙河出版社 222 沙河 3 go 110 人民出版社 119 北京 4 java 300 人民出版社 111 北京 Book多 id title price publish_id 1 php 100 1 2 python 120 1 3 go 110 2 4 java 300 1 Publish一 id name email addr 1 人民出版社 111 北京 2 沙河出版社 222 沙河 查询python这本书的出版社的邮箱(子查询) select publish_id from Book where title="python" select email from Publish where id=1 id=(上边的) 一旦确定是一对多的表关系:建立一对多的关系------->在多的表中建立关联字段(publish_id) 多对多: Book id title price publish_id 1 php 100 1 2 python 120 1 3 go 110 2 4 java 300 1 Author id name age addr 1 alex 34 北京 2 egon 55 南京 Book2Author id book_id author_id 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 alex出版过的书籍名称(子查询) select id form Author where name='alex' (拿到alex这个id) select book_id from Book2Author where author_id=1 select title from Book id=book_id 一旦确定表关系是多对多:创建第三张表:
    id  book_id  author_id 一对一: Author id name age Authordetail_id(unique) 1 alex 34 1 2 egon 55 2 AuthorDetail id addr gender tel gf_name 1 北京 male 110 小花 2 南京 male 911 小红 一旦确定是一对多的关系:建立一对多的关系------->在多的表中建立关联字段 (一个出版社可以出版多本书) 一旦确定多对多的关系:建立多对多的关系--------->创建第三张表(关联表):id和两个关联字段 (一本书可以有多个作者,一个作者可以出版多本书;) 一旦确定一对一的关系:建立一对一的关系---------->在两张表中的任意一张表中建立关联字段+unique (一个作者只有一个详细信息)

 数据库表关系之sql创建关联表

 对应的sql语句

Publish
Book
Author
AuthorDetail
Book2Author

CREATE TABLE publish( id INT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment, name VARCHAR(20) ); CREATE TABLE book( id INT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment, title VARCHAR (20), price DECIMAL (8,2), pub_date DATE, publish_id INT, FOREIGN KEY (publish_id) REFERENCES publish(id) 一个出版社可以出版多本书 ); CREATE TABLE authordetail( id INT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment, tel VARCHAR(20) ); CREATE TABLE author( id INT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment, name VARCHAR(20), age INT, authordetail_id INT UNIQUE, FOREIGN KEY(authordetail_id) REFERENCES authordetail(id) 一个作者只有一个详细信息 ); CREATE TABLE book2author( id INT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment, book_id INT, author_id INT, FOREIGN KEY(book_id) REFERENCES book(id), FOREIGN KEY(author_id) REFERENCES author(id) 一个书可以有多个作者,一个作者可以出版多本书 );

1、创建模型(ORM生成关联表模型)

models

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

'''
Book ----> Publish 一对多
'''
#作者详情表
class AuthorDetail(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    birthday=models.DateField()
    telephone=models.BigIntegerField()
    addr=models.CharField( max_length=64)

class Author(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name=models.CharField( max_length=32)
    age=models.IntegerField()
    # 与AuthorDetail建立一对一的关系
    authorDetail=models.OneToOneField(to="AuthorDetail",on_delete=models.CASCADE)  to_field="nid"这个可加可不加,它会默认去关联主键

#出版社表
class Publish(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)   id字段是自动添加的,如果不加主键数据库迁移的时候它也会给你默认生成一个id的字段,可以不写nid,写了就用你写的。
    name=models.CharField( max_length=32)
    city=models.CharField( max_length=32)
    email=models.EmailField()

class Book(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField( max_length=32)
    publishDate=models.DateField()
    price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2) 
  #建立一对多关联要有一个关联字段,上边的都是普通字段;给关联字段再绑定约束关系;
    # 与Publish建立一对多的关系,外键字段建立在多的一方;django会自动给你补全publish_id; to就是foreign key哪个;加上引号就会在全局里边找;
    publish=models.ForeignKey(to="Publish",to_field="nid",on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True) #关联主键nid;这句话相当于下面两句;在django2.0要加上on_delete=models.CASCADE;null=True是允许这个字段为空
    '''         
    publish_id INT,
    FOREIGN KEY(publish_id)REFERENCES publish(id)   to_field这个字段的nid主键;上边的publish在数据库迁移的时候就是这两句话
    '''
    #多对多,会自动生成第三张表;下面的几个意思是一样的
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to="Author") 
    '''
    CREATE TABLE book2author(      上边那一句话执行的结果就相当于会生成这个;book_authors它就是这样拼的
        id INT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,
        book_id INT,
        author_id INT,
        FOREIGN KEY(book_id)REFERENCES book(id),
        FOREIGN KEY(author_id)REFERENCES author(id),
    )
    '''
# class Book2Author(models.Model):  这是自己写的第三张表
#     nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
#     book = models.ForeignKey(to="Book") to_field="nid"
#     author = models.ForeignKey(to="Author")

 在settings里边

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    "app01",
]

 

#在models里边
publish=models.ForeignKey(to="Publish",to_field="nid",on_delete=models.CASCADE)

#关联主键nid;这句话相当于两句;在django2.0要加上on_delete=models.CASCADE,只要用到Foreignkey(在一对多的时候,在one to one的时候)

 

C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\orm2>python manage.py makemigrations
Migrations for 'app01':
  app01\migrations\0001_initial.py
    - Create model Author
    - Create model AuthorDetail
    - Create model Book
    - Create model Publish
    - Add field publish to book
    - Add field authorDetail to author

C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\orm2>python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, app01, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying app01.0001_initial... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

 生成了5张表;book_authors生成的表;book表生成了一个publish_id字段;

注意事项:

  •  id 字段是自动添加的
  •  对于外键字段,Django 会在字段名上添加"_id" 来创建数据库中的列名  如  authordetail_id   、 publish_id   、book_id   、author_id 
  •  这个例子中的CREATE TABLE SQL 语句使用PostgreSQL 语法格式,要注意的是Django 会根据settings 中指定的数据库类型来使用相应的SQL 语句。
  •  定义好模型之后,你需要告诉Django _使用_这些模型。你要做的就是修改配置文件中的INSTALL_APPSZ中设置,在其中添加models.py所在应用的名称。
  • 外键字段 ForeignKey 有一个 null=True 的设置(它允许外键接受空值 NULL),你可以赋给它空值 None 。

一对一就是oneToOneField;一对多就是ForeignKey;它俩是一样的,会在那张表里边多生成一个字段,加一个_id+一个约束关系;多对多就是ManyToManyField,会生成一个第三张关系表;

2.多表操作-添加

单表(没有任何关联字段)操作添加记录有两种一个是create,一个是obj.save(实例化来一个对象,用这个对象.sabe)

一对多添加记录(如果在有绑定关系的表中添加记录)

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
from app01.models import *
def add(request):
    #pub = Publish.objects.create(name="人民出版社", email="1234@123.com", city="北京")  Publish是单表,可以直接生成一个出版社记录
###################绑定一对多的关系##############
    #方式一:
    #为book表绑定关系 和出版社的关系:book多----->publish 1
    #book_obj = Book.objects.create(title="红楼梦", price=100, publishDate="2012-12-12", publish_id=1)
    #print(book_obj.title, type(book_obj) )  #返回值book_obj就是添加记录的对象  打印 -- > 红楼梦  <class 'app01.models.Book'>
#book_obj.publishDate 、 book_obj.publish(拿到出版社对象<class 'app01.models.Publish'>)、  book_obj.publish_id(book_obj.publish.nid) 、 book_obj.publish.city
  book_obj可以直接 .Book的字段;也可以.Publish里边的字段,先.出它的出版社对象再.它的字段
#方式二: # pub_obj = Publish.objects.filter(nid=1).first() 查询id为1的出版社对象<class 'app01.models.Publish'>;不加first就是queryset的那个集合<class 'django.db.models.query.QuerySet'> # book_obj = Book.objects.create(title="水浒传", price=100, publishDate="2012-12-12", publish=pub_obj) #publish就是book表里边的那个字段;
                           #让它等于publish的一个实例模型对象,赋值的时候pub_obj给了它一个对象;相当于它把上边第一种方式的翻译过来了 # print(book_obj.title) 打印它的title # print(book_obj.price) # print(book_obj.publishDate) # print(book_obj.publish) #人民出版社; #拿到的就是出版社Publish对象,可以继续往后 . ;方式一的话是查到为id为1的出版社再赋给它 #它就是与这本书关联的出版社对象,一个书只有一个出版社对象;
##无论用方式一还是方式二创建都可以.publish或者.publish_id;
它打印出来是Publish object(1);在那张表中加上__str__(self)就显示name了,打印出来那个出版社看起来是字符串其实是个对象,可以继续在对象之前取. #print(book_obj.publish.name) #与这本书关联的出版社对象,你可以.拿到这个出版社的任何字段 #(book_obj.publish.email)
  # print(book_obj.publish_id) #就是那个1

#查询西游记的出版社对应的邮箱; book_obj = Book.objects.filter(title="西游记").first() #先把这个书的对象取出来; print(book_obj.publish.email) #先拿出一个对象找出它的关联对象,再去. publish为什么可以.出来,是因在赋值的时候已给它对象了,方式一或二都可以 return HttpResponse("ok")

 多对多添加纪录

通过第三张表给它绑定两个作者;你没办法直接给这张表添加记录,数据库知道这张表叫什么,orm不知道这张表叫什么名字;django给我们提供了一个接口。

###############绑定多对多的关系######################
    # book_obj = Book.objects.create(title="三国演义", price=100, publishDate="2012-12-12", publish_id=1)
    #
    # egon = Author.objects.get(name="egon") #把这两个作者找出来
    # alex = Author.objects.get(name="alex")
    # #绑定多对多的关系的API(找到这个字段) ##authors这个字段接受了ManyToManyField(to="Author")这个实例对象;给书籍对象添加作者 .authors就可以了
    # book_obj.authors.add(egon, alex) #作者对象;book_obj为书籍对象,给它添加作者;它所要做的事情就是,找到book和author关联的那张表,在那张表中生成纪录;
               #book_obj的id主键是3,egon是2,alex是1;这句话它去找到book_obj和author之间的关联表,然后去表中生成记录,3 1、3 2生成两条记录 # #book_obj.authors.add(1, 2, 3) #这里边放的是author的主键的id;这是另外一种简洁的形式,用4跟1拼一个,4跟2拼一个,4跟3,这样的三条记录;直接放author的主键。作者主键值; # #book_obj.authors.add(*[1,2,3]) #跟上边的效果是等效的,*是在给函数传列表时等效位置参数加* #解出多对多关系 book = Book.objects.filter(nid=4).first() #查到nid=4,把这本书拿到查出来了; # book.authors.remove(2) #加上1,2就把他们都删除了,删除4 1 、4 2;book的主键为4 ##book.authors.remove(*[1,2]) #跟上边一样了 #book.authors.clear()#全部删除 #查询主键为4的书籍的所有作者的名字 print(book.authors.all()) #拿出来的是一个集合,所有的,注意与上边.publish的区别(与这本书关联的一个出版社对象)[obj1、obj2....]
    <QuerySet [<Author:alex >]>   queryset:与这本书关联的所有作者对象集合;列表里边套对象的格式;打印出<QuerySet [<Author: object(1)>]>;加上__str__就打印出了 ret = book.authors.all().values("name") <QuerySet [{'name':'alex'}]>
  print(ret) 
  return HttpResponse("ok")

 

book_obj.publish      book.authors.all() 两个最核心的知识点;一对一,一对多的字段,意味着这张表的实例对象,当它.publish的时候它就会.出与它关联的出版社对象;
当它.authors.all()的时候就会.出与它关联的作者集对象集合。

3.跨表查询 

3.1基于对象(子查询)之跨表查询(会翻译成子查询)

一对多

def query(request):
    '''
    跨表查询:
        1 基于对象查询;
        2 基于双下划线查询;
        3 聚合与分组查询
        4 F 与 Q 查询
    :param request:
    :return:
    '''
    ##########基于对象(就是先查出来拿到那个结果再去跨表去查到它相关的内容)的跨表查询(子查询)###########
'''
    #一对多  正向按字段:publish
    book多    -------------->    publish 1
            <--------------
             反向按表名book_set.all() django封装的
    '''
    #一对多的正向查询(确定关联字段(属性)放在哪里放在哪张表里,book表和publish表的关联字段在book表里边)
    #查询主键为1的书籍的出版社所在的城市
    # book_obj = Book.objects.filter(nid=1).first() 拿到book对象
    # print(book_obj.publish.city)

  '''
  select publish_id from Book where nid=1;
  select city from publish where nid=1
  '''   

 #一对多查询的正向查询:查询西游记这本书的出版社的名字
    # book_obj = Book.objects.filter(title="西游记").first()

    #SELECT "app01_book"."nid", "app01_book"."title", "app01_book"."publishDate", "app01_book"."price", "app01_book"."read_num", "app01_book"."comment_num", "app01_book"."publish_id" FROM "app01_book" WHERE "app01_book"."title" = '西游记' ORDER BY "app01_book"."nid" ASC LIMIT 1; args=('西游记',)
    #SELECT "app01_publish"."nid", "app01_publish"."name", "app01_publish"."city", "app01_publish"."email" FROM "app01_publish" WHERE "app01_publish"."nid" = 1; args=(1,)
    # print(book_obj.publish) #与这本书关联的出版社对象  #人民出版社
    # print(book_obj.publish.name)    #人民出版社
        #基于对象跨表查询的sql语句
        #select publish_id from Book where title='西游记'
        #select name from Publish where id=1

    #一对多查询的反向查询:查询人民出版社出版过的书籍名称
    # publish = Publish.objects.filter(name='人民出版社').first()
    # ret = publish.book_set.all()
    # print(ret) #Queryset里边放对象 <QuerySet [<Book: 红楼梦>, <Book: 西游记>, <Book: 水浒传>]>    # for obj in publish.book_set.all():
    #     print(obj.title)  #打印出了关联书籍的名字

 

多对多

#多对多查询
'''
    #多对多  按字段authors
    book    ----------------------->    author
            <----------------------
             按表名book_set.all()
    '''
#正向查询 #查询水浒传所有作者的名字 book_obj = Book.objects.filter(title="水浒传").first() #SELECT "app01_book"."nid", "app01_book"."title", "app01_book"."publishDate", "app01_book"."price", "app01_book"."read_num", "app01_book"."comment_num", "app01_book"."publish_id" FROM "app01_book" WHERE "app01_book"."title" = '水浒传' ORDER BY "app01_book"."nid" ASC LIMIT 1; args=('水浒传',) # SELECT "app01_author"."nid", "app01_author"."name", "app01_author"."age", "app01_author"."authordetail_id" FROM "app01_author" INNER JOIN "app01_book_authors" ON ("app01_author"."nid" = "app01_book_authors"."author_id") WHERE "app01_book_authors"."book_id" = 3; author_list = book_obj.authors.all() #queryset对象<QuerySet []> [author_obj1,...] for author in author_list: print(author.name) #alex egon #反向查询 #alex出版过的所有书籍名称 # alex = Author.objects.filter(name="alex").first() # book_list = alex.book_set.all() # for book in book_list: # print(book.title) #金瓶、水浒传

 

一对一

#############一对一查询(只是多了个unique)
    '''
    #一对一  按字段(关联字段):authordetail
    author    -------------->    authordetail
            <--------------
             按表名author
    '''
##############正向查询:查询alex的手机号

    alex = Author.objects.filter(name="alex").first()  #拿到作者对象
    # SELECT "app01_author"."nid", "app01_author"."name", "app01_author"."age", "app01_author"."authordetail_id" FROM "app01_author" WHERE "app01_author"."name" = 'alex' ORDER BY "app01_author"."nid" ASC LIMIT 1; args=('alex',)
    # SELECT "app01_authordetail"."nid", "app01_authordetail"."birthday", "app01_authordetail"."telephone", "app01_authordetail"."addr" FROM "app01_authordetail" WHERE "app01_authordetail"."nid" = 1; args=(1,)
    print(alex.authordetail.telephone) #1867889  找出它的关联对象.authordetail
    

#反向查询#查询手机号为911的的作者的名字和年龄 ad = AuthorDetail.objects.filter(telephone=911).first() #AuthorDetail对象 #SELECT "app01_authordetail"."nid", "app01_authordetail"."birthday", "app01_authordetail"."telephone", "app01_authordetail"."addr" FROM "app01_authordetail" WHERE "app01_authordetail"."telephone" = 911 ORDER BY "app01_authordetail"."nid" ASC LIMIT 1; args=(911,) #SELECT "app01_author"."nid", "app01_author"."name", "app01_author"."age", "app01_author"."authordetail_id" FROM "app01_author" WHERE "app01_author"."authordetail_id" = 2; args=(2,) print(ad.author.name) #egon #找它的关联对象,反向查询直接用表名author表 print(ad.author.age) #23

 

3.2 基于queryset双下划线的跨表查询(对应翻译的sql语句是join)(会翻译成join查询)

  Django 还提供了一种直观而高效的方式在查询(lookups)中表示关联关系,它能自动确认 SQL JOIN 联系。要做跨关系查询,就使用两个下划线来链接模型(model)间关联字段的名称,直到最终链接到你想要的 model 为止。

关键点:正向查询按字段,反向查询按表名。

 

    ####################################基于双下划线的跨表查询(join查询)#########################
    ###############一对多查询的正向查询:查询西游记这本书的出版社名字
    '''
    正向查询按字段,反向查询按表名小写 用来告诉ORM引擎join哪张表
    '''
    #方式一
    ret = Book.objects.filter(title='西游记').values('publish__name') #values(publish)就相当于join另外一张表,但这里按orm的规则是不能写表名,写字段,然后再去__它的字段
     # SELECT "app01_publish"."name" FROM "app01_book" INNER JOIN "app01_publish" ON ("app01_book"."publish_id" = "app01_publish"."nid") WHERE "app01_book"."title" = '西游记' LIMIT 21;
    print(ret) #<QuerySet [{'publish__name': '人民出版社'}]>
    #方式二    这两种方式所对应sql语句是一样的
    ret = Publish.objects.filter(book__title='西游记').values("name")
    # SELECT "app01_publish"."name" FROM "app01_publish" INNER JOIN "app01_book" ON ("app01_publish"."nid" = "app01_book"."publish_id") WHERE "app01_book"."title" = '西游记' LIMIT 21;
    print(ret) #<QuerySet [{'name': '人民出版社'}]>

    # 练习1:  查询苹果出版社出版过的所有书籍的名字与价格(一对多)   #以谁为基表以谁为左表都可以;

    ret=Publish.objects.filter(name="人民出版社").values("book__title","book__price")  #publish为左表,出版社去找书籍是反向查询;
    ret=Book.objects.filter(publish__name="人民出版社").values("title","price") #以book为左表,显示它的values它的字段
    print(ret)

    '''依次对应上边的Book和Publish;这两种方式翻译成sql语句都一样
   SELECT * FROM "app01_book" INNER JOIN "app01_publish" ON ("app01_book"."publish_id" = "app01_publish"."nid") WHERE "app01_publish"."name" = '人民出版社' LIMIT 21; args=('人民出版社',)

   SELECT * FROM "app01_publish" LEFT OUTER JOIN "app01_book" ON ("app01_publish"."nid" = "app01_book"."publish_id") WHERE "app01_publish"."name" = '人民出版社' LIMIT 21; args=('人民出版社',)

    '''
 

 

    #####################多对多:查询水浒传这本书的的所有作者的名字(join)
    # 方式一 #多对多的字段相当于跨了2张表;foreignkey跨了1张表
    #需求:通过Book(基表)表join与其关联的Author表,属于正向查询:按字段authors通知ORM引擎join book_authors与author;Book表通过它下面那个authors字段去关联Author表
    ret = Book.objects.filter(title='水浒传').values('authors__name')
    # SELECT "app01_author"."name" FROM "app01_book" LEFT OUTER JOIN "app01_book_authors" ON ("app01_book"."nid" = "app01_book_authors"."book_id") LEFT OUTER JOIN "app01_author" ON ("app01_book_authors"."author_id" = "app01_author"."nid") WHERE "app01_book"."title" = '水浒传' LIMIT 21; args=('水浒传',)
    print(ret)#<QuerySet [{'authors__name': 'alex'}, {'authors__name': 'egon'}]>
    #方式二
    #需求:通过Author表join与其关联的Book表,属于反向查询:按表名小写book通知ORM引擎join book_authors与book表
    ret = Author.objects.filter(book__title='水浒传').values('name')
     # SELECT "app01_author"."name" FROM "app01_author" INNER JOIN "app01_book_authors" ON ("app01_author"."nid" = "app01_book_authors"."author_id") INNER JOIN "app01_book" ON ("app01_book_authors"."book_id" = "app01_book"."nid") WHERE "app01_book"."title" = '水浒传' LIMIT 21; args=('水浒传',)
    print(ret) #<QuerySet [{'name': 'alex'}, {'name': 'egon'}]>

  # 练习2: 查询alex出过的所有书籍的名字(多对多)
    ret = Author.objects.filter(name="alex").values("book__title") #跨表查询 正向
    ret = Book.objects.filter(authors__name="alex").values("title")  #  正向按字段,反向按表名

    # 练习3: 查询人民出版社出版过的所有书籍的名字以及作者的姓名
    ret = Book.objects.filter(publish__name="人民出版社").values("title", "authors__name") #只要不是这张表自己提供的就需要跨表

    # 练习4: 手机号以151开头的作者出版过的所有书籍名称以及出版社名称  #用哪张表作为基表都可以的
    Book.objects.filter(authors__authordetail__telephone="151").values("title", "publish__title")  ##因为Book表只跟authors表有关联,所以最开始前边应加上这个;book表通过关系表跨到authors表


    return HttpResponse("ok")
 

 

 

    #一对一查询:查询alex的手机号
    #方式一:
    # 需求:通过Author表join与其关联的AuthorDetail表,属于正向查询:按字段authordetail通知ORM引擎join Authordetail表
    ret = Author.objects.filter(name='alex').values('authordetail__telephone')
    # SELECT "app01_authordetail"."telephone" FROM "app01_author" INNER JOIN "app01_authordetail" ON ("app01_author"."authordetail_id" = "app01_authordetail"."nid") WHERE "app01_author"."name" = 'alex' LIMIT 21; args=('alex',)
    print(ret) #<QuerySet [{'authordetail__telephone': 1867889}]>

    #方式二:
    # 需求:通过AuthorDetail表join与其关联的Author表,属于反向查询:按表名小写author通知ORM引擎join Author
    ret = AuthorDetail.objects.filter(author__name='alex').values('telephone')
    # SELECT "app01_authordetail"."telephone" FROM "app01_authordetail" INNER JOIN "app01_author" ON ("app01_authordetail"."nid" = "app01_author"."authordetail_id") WHERE "app01_author"."name" = 'alex' LIMIT 21; args=('alex',)
    print(ret) #<QuerySet [{'telephone': 1867889}]>

 

 

    #############进阶练习
    #练习:手机号以186开头的作者出版过的所有书籍名称以及书籍出版社名称
    #方式一
    #需求通过Book表join AuthorDetail表,Book与AuthorDetail无关联,所以必须连续跨表
    ret = Book.objects.filter(authors__authordetail__telephone__startswith = '186').values('title','publish__name')
    #  SELECT "app01_book"."title", "app01_publish"."name" FROM "app01_book" INNER JOIN "app01_book_authors" ON ("app01_book"."nid" = "app01_book_authors"."book_id") 
    # INNER JOIN "app01_author" ON ("app01_book_authors"."author_id" = "app01_author"."nid") 
    # INNER JOIN "app01_authordetail" ON ("app01_author"."authordetail_id" = "app01_authordetail"."nid") INNER JOIN "app01_publish" ON ("app01_book"."publish_id" = "app01_publish"."nid") 
    # WHERE "app01_authordetail"."telephone" LIKE '186%' ESCAPE '\' LIMIT 21; args=('186%',)
    print(ret) #<QuerySet [{'title': '金瓶', 'publish__name': '人民出版社'}, {'title': '水浒传', 'publish__name': '人民出版社'}]>
    # 方式二:
    ret = Author.objects.filter(authordetail__telephone__startswith='186').values('book__title','book__publish__name')
    # SELECT "app01_book"."title", "app01_publish"."name" FROM "app01_author" INNER JOIN "app01_authordetail" ON ("app01_author"."authordetail_id" = "app01_authordetail"."nid") 
    # LEFT OUTER JOIN "app01_book_authors" ON ("app01_author"."nid" = "app01_book_authors"."author_id") 
    # LEFT OUTER JOIN "app01_book" ON ("app01_book_authors"."book_id" = "app01_book"."nid") 
    # LEFT OUTER JOIN "app01_publish" ON ("app01_book"."publish_id" = "app01_publish"."nid") WHERE "app01_authordetail"."telephone" LIKE '186%' ESCAPE '\' LIMIT 21; args=('186%',)
    print(ret) #<QuerySet [{'book__title': '金瓶', 'book__publish__name': '人民出版社'}, {'book__title': '水浒传', 'book__publish__name': '人民出版社'}]>

 

posted @ 2019-10-29 14:51  Simon92  阅读(396)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报