给ASP.net Web API的Controller分类

这篇文章讲述了RESTFul Web API的设计思路:《对RESTful Web API的理解与设计思路

接着这篇文章讲述了如何创建一个“纯净”的ASP.net Web API应用程序:《ASP.net Web API的模块依赖关系

本文就讲述如何在这个“纯净”的应用程序上添加些内容。其实关于ASP.net Web API的文章已经不少,但很少讲述如何来给Controller分类的,为什么需要分类?你想如果一个项目稍微大点,Controller一多起来,而所有的Controller都通过“api/controllername”这个URI来访问,那势必带来混乱,你的Controller可能有重名,或觉得结构层次不清晰等。

也许你马上想到了:Area!对,ASP.net MVC不是提供了Area功能么?有了Area我们就可以把功能划分好并很好地组织起来了。遗憾的是:Area真的是MVC的功能,而不是Web API的功能,Web API并不直接支持Area,解决方案是存在的,请参考这篇文章:《ASP.NET MVC 4 RC: Getting WebApi and Areas to play nicely》,你可以按照它提供的方法去做,就能解决这个问题,但这次我打算用自己的方法,因为我创建的是纯粹的Web API应用程序,没有网页输出的那种,并且我希望有更加简便的结构。这是我设计的Web API:

这个例子恐怕不是很贴近实际,但比较好理解,我设计的这个“公司门户”提供的接口分成两大块,一是“联系我们”,二是“产品介绍”,而“产品介绍”里面又细分为两类,一是“办公产品”,二是“游戏产品”,简单起见,所有Controller都是默认创建的Web API Controller,没有更具体的功能。

我把所有的URI和Controller列成一张表:

Controller名称 命名空间 URI
AdviseController WebApiRouteDemo.Controllers.ContactUs /apix/ContactUs/Advise
ProductFeedbackController WebApiRouteDemo.Controllers.ContactUs /apix/ContactUs/ProductFeedback
FinancialController WebApiRouteDemo.Controllers.Products.Enterprise /apixx/Products/Enterprise/Financial
OfficeController WebApiRouteDemo.Controllers.Products.Enterprise /apixx/Products/Enterprise/Office
PuzController WebApiRouteDemo.Controllers.Products.Game /apixx/Products/Game/Puz
RpgController WebApiRouteDemo.Controllers.Products.Game /apixx/Products/Game/Rpg
RtsController WebApiRouteDemo.Controllers.Products.Game /apixx/Products/Game/Rts
AllProductsController WebApiRouteDemo.Controllers.Products /apix/Products/AllProducts
AboutController WebApiRouteDemo.Controllers /api/About

URI的前缀“api”、“apix”和“apixx”看起来有些怪异,我想不出什么更好的办法来设计这个URI路由了,只好用这种最笨的方法来区分不同的URI路由规则,apixx表示接下来会带上Area(大类)和Category(小类),apix表示接下来会带上Area,而没有Category,而api则表示接下来直接是controller,没有Area和Category。这是我的路由规则定义:

            config.Routes.MapHttpRoute("AreaCategoryApi", "apixx/{area}/{category}/{controller}/{id}",new {id = RouteParameter.Optional});
            config.Routes.MapHttpRoute("AreaApi", "apix/{area}/{controller}/{id}", new {id = RouteParameter.Optional});
            config.Routes.MapHttpRoute("DefaultApi", "api/{controller}/{id}", new {id = RouteParameter.Optional});

那么,Web API框架究竟如何最终找到它所需要的Controller呢?其实是根据名称来的,默认情况下,但现在我们除了根据名称,还要根据命名空间,所以你注意到我上面列出的命名空间正好反映了这个Controller所在的位置和它的功能层次。改变默认的选择Controller的行为需要我们重新写一个类来实现IHttpControllerSelector接口,默认的类是“DefaultHttpControllerSelector”,我们可以以它为父类:

    public class ClassifiedHttpControllerSelector : DefaultHttpControllerSelector
    {
        private const string AREA_ROUTE_VARIABLE_NAME = "area";
        private const string CATEGORY_ROUTE_VARIABLE_NAME = "category";
        private const string THE_FIX_CONTROLLER_FOLDER_NAME = "Controllers";

        private readonly HttpConfiguration m_configuration;
        private readonly Lazy<ConcurrentDictionary<string, Type>> m_apiControllerTypes;

        public ClassifiedHttpControllerSelector(HttpConfiguration configuration) : base(configuration)
        {
            m_configuration = configuration;
            m_apiControllerTypes = new Lazy<ConcurrentDictionary<string, Type>>(GetAllControllerTypes);
        }

        public override HttpControllerDescriptor SelectController(HttpRequestMessage request)
        {
            return GetApiController(request);
        }

        private static string GetRouteValueByName(HttpRequestMessage request, string strRouteName)
        {
            IHttpRouteData data = request.GetRouteData();
            if (data.Values.ContainsKey(strRouteName))
            {
                return data.Values[strRouteName] as string;
            }
            return null;
        }

        private static ConcurrentDictionary<string, Type> GetAllControllerTypes()
        {
            Assembly[] assemblies = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies();
            Dictionary<string, Type> types = assemblies.SelectMany(a => a.GetTypes().Where(t => !t.IsAbstract && t.Name.EndsWith(ControllerSuffix, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) && typeof (IHttpController).IsAssignableFrom(t))).ToDictionary(t => t.FullName, t => t);
            return new ConcurrentDictionary<string, Type>(types);
        }

        private HttpControllerDescriptor GetApiController(HttpRequestMessage request)
        {
            string strAreaName = GetRouteValueByName(request, AREA_ROUTE_VARIABLE_NAME);
            string strCategoryName = GetRouteValueByName(request, CATEGORY_ROUTE_VARIABLE_NAME);
            string strControllerName = GetControllerName(request);
            Type type;
            try
            {
                type = GetControllerType(strAreaName, strCategoryName, strControllerName);
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                return null;
            }
            return new HttpControllerDescriptor(m_configuration, strControllerName, type);
        }

        private Type GetControllerType(string areaName, string categoryName, string controllerName)
        {
            IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, Type>> query = m_apiControllerTypes.Value.AsEnumerable();
            string strControllerSearchingName;
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(areaName))
            {
                strControllerSearchingName = THE_FIX_CONTROLLER_FOLDER_NAME + "." + controllerName;
            }
            else
            {
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(categoryName))
                {
                    strControllerSearchingName = THE_FIX_CONTROLLER_FOLDER_NAME + "." + areaName + "." + controllerName;
                }
                else
                {
                    strControllerSearchingName = THE_FIX_CONTROLLER_FOLDER_NAME + "." + areaName + "." + categoryName + "." + controllerName;
                }
            }
            return query.Where(x => x.Key.IndexOf(strControllerSearchingName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1).Select(x => x.Value).Single();
        }
    }

上面这段代码很大程度上是从《ASP.NET MVC 4 RC: Getting WebApi and Areas to play nicely》来的,其作用就是根据路由参数(参数中有“Area”、“Category”和“Controller”)从程序集中查找到对应的Controller。

这样我们就完成了对Controller的分类,你也可以调整路由规则设计出更好的出来,不过别忘了来跟我分享下。

最后惯例,附带上:完整代码

posted @ 2013-03-11 11:03  guogangj  阅读(4925)  评论(4编辑  收藏  举报