【SSM框架】MyBatis笔记 --- 动态sql讲义+实战;map在动态sql中的使用;列名与类中成员变量名不同的两种解决方案

讲义:


  • 动态sql可以定义代码片断,可以进行逻辑判断,可以进行循环处理(批量处理),使条件判断更为简单。

一、动态sql核心标签:

1、<sql>:当多种类型的查询语句的查询字段或者查询条件相同时,可以将其定义为常量,方便调用。

 

2、<include>:用来引用<sql>定义的代码片断。
   

<!--定义代码片断-->
<sql id="allColumns">
    id,username,birthday,sex,address
</sql>
<!--引用定义好的代码片断-->
<select id="getAll" resultType="users" >
    select <include refid="allColumns"></include>
    from users
</select>


3、<if>:进行条件判断。

test 属性:if 执行条件(条件判断的取值可以是实体类的成员变量,可以是map的key,可以是@Param注解的名称)。

 

4、<where>:

特性:标签可以自动的将第一个条件前面的逻辑运算符 (or ,and) 去掉,比如 id 查询条件前面是有“and”关键字的,但是在打印出来的 SQL 中却没有。

<select id="getByCondition" parameterType="users" resultType="users">
    select <include refid="allColumns"></include>
    from users
    <where>
        <if test="userName != null and userName != ''">
            and username like concat('%',#{userName},'%')
        </if>
        <if test="birthday != null">
            and birthday = #{birthday}
        </if>
        <if test="sex != null and sex != ''">
            and sex = #{sex}
        </if>
        <if test="address != null and address != ''">
            and address like concat('%',#{address},'%')
        </if>
    </where>
</select>


5、<set>:使用见下面的栗子。切记,至少更新一列(负责抛出异常)。

需求:使用 if+set 标签进行update操作时,哪个字段中有值才去更新,如果某项为 null 则不进行更新,而是保持数据库原值。
  

栗子:

<update id="updateBySet" parameterType="users">
    update users
    <set>
        <if test="userName != null and userName != ''">
            username = #{userName},
        </if>
        <if test="birthday != null">
            birthday = #{birthday},
        </if>
        <if test="sex != null and sex != ''">
            sex = #{sex},
        </if>
        <if test="address != null and address != ''">
            address =#{address} ,
        </if>
    </set>
    where id = #{id}
</update>


6、<foreach>:用来进行循环遍历,完成循环条件查询,批量删除,批量增加,批量更新。

1)collection 属性:用来指定入参的类型,如果是List集合,则为list,如果是Map集合,则为map,如果是数组,则为array。

2)item 属性 :循环体中的具体对象。支持属性的点路径访问,如 item.age,item.info.details;在list和数组中是其中的对象,在map中是value。

3)index 属性 :在list和数组中,index是元素的序号,在map中,index是元素的key,该参数可不写。

4)separator 属性:多个值或对象或语句之间的分隔符。

5)open 属性 :表示该语句以什么开始。

6)close 属性 :表示该语句以什么结束。

注意:要使用批量更新,必须在jdbc.properties属性文件中的url中添加&allowMultiQueries=true,才允许多行操作。

   
二、通过指定下标来进行传参:

可以不使用对象的属性名进行参数值绑定,使用下标值。 mybatis-3.3 版本和之前的版本使用#{0},#{1}方式, 从 mybatis3.4 开始使用#{arg0},#{arg1}的方式。

 

三、map在动态sql中的使用:

  • 如果入参超过一个以上,使用map封装查询条件,更有语义,查询条件更明确。

1、入参是map:

因为当传递的数据有多个,不适合使用指定下标或指定名称的方式来进行传参,又加上参数不一定与对象的成员变量一致,考虑使用map集合来进行传递,map使用的是键值对的方式.当在sql语句中使用的时候#{键名},${键名},{ }的是键的名称。

 

2、返回值是map:

返回值是map的适用场景,如果的数据不能使用对象来进行封装,可能查询的数据来自多张表中的某些列,这种情况下,使用map,但是map的返回方式破坏了对象的封装,返回来的数据是一个一个单独的数据, 彼此之间不相关,map使用表中的列名或别名作为键名(key)进行返回数据。

 

四、列名与类中成员变量名称不一致:

解决方案一:

使用列的别名,别名与类中的成员变量名一样,即可完成注入。

 

解决方案二:

使用<resultMap>标签进行映射。

property 属性:为成员变量名

column 属性:为列的别名

 

一堆栗子:


一、module 目录结构:

 

二、pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>org.burning</groupId>
  <artifactId>mybatis_003_dynamicsql</artifactId>
  <version>1.0</version>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!--添加mybatis依赖-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>3.5.9</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--添加mysql依赖-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>8.0.27</version>
    </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
          <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
          <version>3.5.9</version>
          <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>3.5.9</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>3.5.9</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <!--指定资源文件位置-->
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>src/main/java</directory>
        <includes>
          <include>**/*.xml</include>
          <include>**/*.properties</include>
        </includes>
      </resource>

      <resource>
        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
        <includes>
          <include>**/*.xml</include>
          <include>**/*.properties</include>
        </includes>
      </resource>
    </resources>
  </build>
</project>

 

三、jdbc.properties:

jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=888

 

四、SqlMapConfig.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <!--读取jdbc.properties属性-->
    <properties resource="jdbc.properties"></properties>

    <!--设置日志输出-->
    <settings>
        <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
    </settings>

    <!--注册实体类别名-->
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="org.burning.entity"/>
    </typeAliases>
    
    <!--配置环境变量-->
    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/>
                <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
                <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
                <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>

    <!--注册mapper.xml文件-->
    <mappers>
        <!--优化mapper.xml文件注册-->

        <!--绝对路径注册-->
        <!--<mapper url="/////"></mapper>-->

        <!--非动态代理方式下的注册-->
        <!--<mapper resource="StudentMapper.xml"></mapper>-->

        <!--单个注册-->
        <!--<mapper class="org.burning.mapper.UsersMapper"></mapper>-->

        <!--批量注册-->
        <package name="org.burning.mapper"/>
   </mappers>
</configuration>

 

五、建表语句:

CREATE TABLE `student` (
  `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
  `email` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
  `age` int DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=24 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3 COLLATE=utf8_bin

CREATE TABLE `books` (
  `book_id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `book_name` varchar(45) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`book_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3 COLLATE=utf8_bin

 

六、User.java:

package org.burning.entity;

import java.util.Date;

public class User {
    private Integer id;
    private String userName;
    private Date birthday;
    private String sex;
    private String address;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(Integer id, String userName, Date birthday, String sex, String address) {
        this.id = id;
        this.userName = userName;
        this.birthday = birthday;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.address = address;
    }

    public User(String userName, Date birthday, String sex, String address) {
        this.userName = userName;
        this.birthday = birthday;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.address = address;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", userName='" + userName + '\'' +
                ", birthday=" + birthday +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

 

七、Book.java:

package org.burning.entity;

public class Book {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;

    public Book() {
    }

    public Book(Integer id, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

 

八、UsersMapper.java:

package org.burning.mapper;

import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.burning.entity.User;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * 数据访问层的接口,规定的数据库中可进行的各种操作
 */
public interface UsersMapper {
    //查询用户全部信息
    List<User> getAll();

    //按指定的条件进行多条件查询
    List<User> selectByCondition(User user);

    //有选择的更新
    int updateBySet(User user);

    //查询多个指定id的用户信息
    List<User> selectByIds(Integer[] arr);

    //批量删除
    int deleteBatch(Integer[] arr);

    //批量增加
    int insertBatch(List<User> users);

    //查询生日在两个日期间的所有学生信息
    List<User> selectByTwoBirthday(Date begin,Date end);

    //入参是map
    List<User> selectByMap(Map map);

    //返回值是一行的map
    Map returnMap(Integer id);

    //返回多行的map
    List<Map> returnMaps();
}

 

九、UsersMapper.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="org.burning.mapper.UsersMapper">
    <!--定义代码片段-->
    <sql id="allcolumns">
        id,username,birthday,sex,address
    </sql>

    <!--查询users中所有的学生信息-->
    <select id="getAll" resultType="user">
        select <include refid="allcolumns"></include>
        from users
    </select>

    <!--动态sql实现:
        根据多个字段进行查询操作(可以通过判断user对象的实例变量是否“有意义”而进行sql的拼接)
        【无意义值指的是:比如userName是字符串类型,而它为null或者为空字符串,那它就是无意义的】
    -->
    <select id="selectByCondition" parameterType="User" resultType="User">
        select <include refid="allcolumns"></include>
        from users
        <where>
            <if test="userName != null and userName != ''">
                and username like concat('%',#{userName},'%')
            </if>
            <if test="birthday != null">
                and birthday = #{birthday}
            </if>
            <if test="sex != null and sex != ''">
                and sex = #{sex}
            </if>
            <if test="address != null and address != ''">
                and address like concat('%',#{address},'%')
            </if>
        </where>
    </select>

    <!--通过动态sql实现:
        根据入参user对象的实例变量是否有“意义”,而进行相应的更新处理
    -->
    <update id="updateBySet" parameterType="user">
        update users
        <set>
            <if test="userName != null and userName != ''">
                userName = #{userName},
            </if>
            <if test="birthday != null">
                birthday = #{birthday},
            </if>
            <if test="sex != null and sex != ''">
                sex = #{sex},
            </if>
            <if test="address != null and address != ''">
                address = #{address},
            </if>
        </set>
        where id=#{id}
    </update>

    <!--通过动态sql实现:(当入参是一个以上的时候,不需要写parameterType)
        根据入参的id数组,来进行相应id多条信息查询
    -->
    <select id="selectByIds" resultType="user">
        select <include refid="allcolumns"></include>
        from users
        where id in
            <foreach collection="array" item="id" separator="," open="(" close=")">
                #{id}
            </foreach>
    </select>

    <!--通过动态sql实现:
        批量删除
    -->
    <delete id="deleteBatch">
        delete from users
        where id in
            <foreach collection="array" item="id" separator="," open="(" close=")">
                #{id}
            </foreach>
    </delete>

    <!--通过动态sql实现:
        批量增加
    -->
    <insert id="insertBatch">
        insert into users (username,birthday,sex,address)
        values
            <foreach collection="list" item="u" separator=",">
                (#{u.userName},#{u.birthday},#{u.sex},#{u.address})
            </foreach>
    </insert>

    <!--通过指定参数位置,来获取入参值的栗子:
    -->
    <select id="selectByTwoBirthday" resultType="user">
        select <include refid="allcolumns"></include>
        from users
        where birthday between #{arg0} and #{arg1}
    </select>

    <!--通过入参为Map类型,来进行多个数据的传递
    -->
    <select id="selectByMap" resultType="user">
        select <include refid="allcolumns"></include>
        from users
        where birthday between #{birthdayBegin} and #{birthdayEnd}
    </select>

    <!--将查出来的数据封进Map里,字段名(可以使用别名)就是key,列值就是value
    -->
    <select id="returnMap" parameterType="int" resultType="map">
        select id,username as name,address
        from users
        where id=#{id}
    </select>

    <!--将查出来的数据,封进Map里,同为一行的数据为一个Map
        最后返回一个装着很多Map的List集合
    -->
    <select id="returnMaps" resultType="map">
        select username as name,address
        from users
    </select>
</mapper>

 

十、UserTest.java:

package org.burning;

import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.burning.entity.Book;
import org.burning.entity.User;
import org.burning.mapper.UsersMapper;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.*;

public class UsersTest {
    SqlSession sqlSession;

    //动态代理对象
    UsersMapper usersMapper;

    //日期的格式化刷子
    SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");

    @Before
    public void openSqlSession() throws IOException {
        //读取核心配置文件
        InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");

        //创建工厂对象
        SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);

        //取出sqlSession
        sqlSession = factory.openSession();

        //取出动态代理对象,完成接口方法的调用,实则是调用xml文件中相应的标签的功能
        usersMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UsersMapper.class);
    }

    @After
    public void closeSqlsession() {
        sqlSession.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetAll() {
        List<User> users = usersMapper.getAll();

        users.forEach(user -> System.out.println(user));
    }

    @Test
    public void testSelectByCondition() throws ParseException {
        User u = new User();
        u.setSex("1");
        u.setUserName("小");
        u.setAddress("河");
        u.setBirthday(sdf.parse("1999-02-22"));
        List<User> users = usersMapper.selectByCondition(u);
        users.forEach(user -> System.out.println(user));
    }

    @Test
    public void testUpdateBySet() throws ParseException {
        User u = new User();
        u.setId(3);
        u.setUserName("小明的新名字");
        u.setBirthday(sdf.parse("1999-02-22"));
        int num = usersMapper.updateBySet(u);
        System.out.println(num);
        sqlSession.commit();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSelectByIds() {
        Integer[] array = {1,4,5};
        List<User> users = usersMapper.selectByIds(array);
        users.forEach(user -> System.out.println(user));
    }

    @Test
    public void testDeleteBatch() {
        Integer[] array = {11,12,13};
        int num = usersMapper.deleteBatch(array);
        System.out.println(num);
        sqlSession.commit();
    }

    @Test
    public void testBatch() throws ParseException {
        User user1 = new User("王1",sdf.parse("2020-01-01"),"2","大锤岛分岛A");
        User user2 = new User("王2",sdf.parse("2020-01-02"),"2","大锤岛分岛B");
        User user3 = new User("王3",sdf.parse("2020-01-03"),"2","大锤岛分岛C");
        List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();
        users.add(user1);
        users.add(user2);
        users.add(user3);
        int num = usersMapper.insertBatch(users);
        System.out.println(num);
        sqlSession.commit();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSelectByTwoBirthday() throws ParseException {
        List<User> users = usersMapper.selectByTwoBirthday(
                sdf.parse("1900-12-12"),
                sdf.parse("3000-01-01")
        );
        users.forEach(user -> System.out.println(user));
    }

    @Test
    public void testSelectByMap() throws ParseException {
        Map userMap = new HashMap();
        Date begin = sdf.parse("1900-12-12");
        Date end = sdf.parse("3000-01-01");
        userMap.put("birthdayBegin",begin);
        userMap.put("birthdayEnd",end);
        List<User> users = usersMapper.selectByMap(userMap);
        users.forEach(user -> System.out.println(user));
    }

    @Test
    public void testReturnMap() {
        Map map = usersMapper.returnMap(1);
        System.out.println(map);
    }

    @Test
    public void testReturnMaps() {
        List<Map> mapList = usersMapper.returnMaps();
        mapList.forEach(map -> System.out.println(map));
    }

}

 

十一、BooksMapper.java:

package org.burning.mapper;

import org.burning.entity.Book;

import java.util.List;

public interface BooksMapper {
    //查询全部图书(别名)
    List<Book> selectBooks();

    //查询全部图书(resultMap)
    List<Book> selectBooksPro();
}

 

十二、BooksMapper.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="org.burning.mapper.BooksMapper">
    <!--使用resultMap手工完成映射-->
    <resultMap id="bookMap" type="book">
        <!--主键绑定-->
        <id property="id" column="book_id"></id>
        <!--非主键绑定-->
        <result property="name" column="book_name"></result>
    </resultMap>

    <!--通过起别名的方案解决字段名和成员变量名不一致的问题-->
    <select id="selectBooks" resultType="book">
        select book_id id,book_name name
        from books
    </select>

    <!--通过resultMap方案解决字段名和成员变量名不一致的问题-->
    <select id="selectBooksPro" resultMap="bookMap">
        select book_id,book_name
        from books
    </select>
</mapper>

 

十三、BookTest.java:

package org.burning;

import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.burning.entity.Book;
import org.burning.mapper.BooksMapper;
import org.burning.mapper.UsersMapper;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.security.spec.PSSParameterSpec;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class BooksTest {
    SqlSession sqlSession;

    //动态代理对象
    BooksMapper booksMapper;

    //日期的格式化刷子
    SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");

    @Before
    public void openSqlSession() throws IOException {
        //读取核心配置文件
        InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");

        //创建工厂对象
        SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);

        //取出sqlSession
        sqlSession = factory.openSession();

        //取出动态代理对象,完成接口方法的调用,实则是调用xml文件中相应的标签的功能
        booksMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BooksMapper.class);
    }

    @After
    public void closeSqlsession() {
        sqlSession.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSelectBooks(){
        List<Book> bookList = booksMapper.selectBooks();
        bookList.forEach(book -> System.out.println(book));
    }

    @Test
    public void testSelectBooksPro(){
        List<Book> bookList = booksMapper.selectBooksPro();
        bookList.forEach(book -> System.out.println(book));
    }
}

 

posted @ 2022-05-10 01:00  猿头猿脑的王狗蛋  阅读(320)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
1