﻿<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"><channel><title>博客园-周金根</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/</link><description>软件＝商业＋架构＋流程＋组织 ※※企业软件＝EA＋BPM＋开发平台</description><language>zh-cn</language><lastBuildDate>Wed, 10 Feb 2010 04:53:47 GMT</lastBuildDate><pubDate>Wed, 10 Feb 2010 04:53:47 GMT</pubDate><ttl>60</ttl><item><title>架构语言ArchiMate － 语言结构（Language Structure）</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/08/1665994.html</link><dc:creator>快乐学习</dc:creator><author>快乐学习</author><pubDate>Mon, 08 Feb 2010 12:57:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/08/1665994.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>阅读: 760 评论: 6 作者: <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/" target="_blank">快乐学习</a> 发表于 2010-02-08 20:57 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/08/1665994.html" target="_blank">原文链接</a></p><p>　　在<a id="ctl03_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/12/27/1633305.html"></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a id="ctl03_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/12/27/1633305.html">ArchiMate － 开篇：企业架构语言ArchiMate介绍</a></b></span>中对企业架构语言ArchiMate进行了总体介绍，本篇将介绍一下ArchiMate的语言结构。</p>
<h3>元模型级别</h3>
<ul>
<li>知道OO的都知道，任何东西都是对象，在元模型的语言最抽象级别就是对象（Object）和关系（Relation）</li>
<li>对于企业架构来说，重要的概念就是产品（业务流程）和实现（应用）</li>
<li>开发架构时，需要对特定领域进行描述，比如流程图、领域模型图等</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020816203981.jpg" /></p>
<h3>核心概念</h3>
<p>　　区分内部和外部概念，有点类似SOA的架构概念</p>
<ul>
<li>外部是暴露给客户的产品和服务，如Service和Interface</li>
<li>内部是具体行为和相关结构元素</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020816243294.jpg" /></p>
<h3>协作与交互（Collaboration and Interaction）</h3>
<ul>
<li>协助包含多个结构元素</li>
<li>交互是一种行为</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020816273335.jpg" /></p>
<h3>关系（Relationships）</h3>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020816493377.jpg" width="659" height="467" /></p>
<h3>The ArchiMate Framework</h3>
<p> 　　ArchiMate是一种集成多种架构的一种可视化业务分析模型语言，它从下图<b>业务、应用和技术</b>三个层次（Layer），<b>对象、行为和主体</b>三个方面（Aspect）和<b>产品、组织、流程、信息、数据、应用、技术领域</b>（Domain）来进行描述：</p>
<p class="NumberedList"><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/200912/2009122713572944.png" width="787" height="506" /></p>
<ol>
<li>业务层（<i>Business）</i>：提供对外部客户的产品和服务 ，这些服务由组织内的业务角色通过业务流程来实现<span style="font-family: &amp;amp;amp; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: &amp;amp;amp; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp;</span>应用层（<i>Application）</i>：支持业务服务的应用</li>
<li>技术层（Technology）：通过硬件和软件的交互来运行应用程序</li>
</ol>
<p class="BulletList">　　除了以上这些核心方面之外，还有其它一些重要的领域概念，如：目标（Goals）、安全（Security）、治理（Governance）、费用（Costs）、性能（<span style="font-family: &amp;amp;amp; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">&nbsp;</span>Performance）、时间（Timing）、计划和演进（Planning and evolution）等。</p>
<p class="BulletList">&nbsp;</p>
<p><a id="ctl03_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/12/27/1633305.html">ArchiMate － 开篇：企业架构语言ArchiMate介绍</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><b>欢迎转载，转载请注明：转载自</b><b><a href="http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/">周金根</a> [ <a href="http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/">http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/</a> ]</b></p><img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/aggbug/1665994.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p>评论: 6　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/08/1665994.html#pagedcomment" target="_blank">查看评论</a>　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/08/1665994.html#commentform" target="_blank">发表评论</a></p><hr/><p>最新新闻：<br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56826/" target="_blank">YouTube模式遭嫌弃 Hulu模式成视频行业新宠</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:52)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56825/" target="_blank">奇虎360推免费杀毒 周鸿祎用“零门槛”留用户</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:44)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56819/" target="_blank">Yahoo脑震荡 关闭服务十个之多</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56824/" target="_blank">2003年微软遭遇iTunes：我们彻底晕头转向了</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56823/" target="_blank">百度数据能被“作弊”软件篡改？百度:追究侵权</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 11:52)</span><br/></p><p>编辑推荐：<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56812/" target="_blank">Google社会化产品Buzz发布会实录</a><br/></p><p>网站导航：<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">博客园首页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/" target="_blank">个人主页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">新闻</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/ing/" target="_blank">闪存</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/group/" target="_blank">小组</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com/q/" target="_blank">博问</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">社区</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://kb.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">知识库</a></p>]]></description></item><item><title>故事：两只老虎的悲惨结局</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/08/1665829.html</link><dc:creator>快乐学习</dc:creator><author>快乐学习</author><pubDate>Mon, 08 Feb 2010 04:46:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/08/1665829.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>阅读: 1807 评论: 16 作者: <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/" target="_blank">快乐学习</a> 发表于 2010-02-08 12:46 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/08/1665829.html" target="_blank">原文链接</a></p><p>　有两只老虎，一只在笼子里，一只在野地里。在笼子里的老虎三餐无忧，在外面的老虎自由自在。<br />　<img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020812374569.jpg" height="280" width="396" />&nbsp; <img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020812385476.jpg" height="279" width="373" />　</p>
<p>　　笼子里的老虎总是羡慕外面老虎的自由，外面的老虎却羡慕笼子里的老虎安逸。一日，一只老虎对另一只老虎说：&ldquo;咱们换一换。&rdquo;另一只老虎同意了。于是笼子里的老虎走进了大自然，野地里的老虎走进了笼子。但不久，两只老虎都死了。一只是饥饿而死，一只是忧郁而死。<br />　　<br />　　<b>许多时候，人们往往对自己的幸福熟视无睹，而觉得别人的幸福很耀眼，却想不到别人的幸福也许对自己不合适。</b></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>最后，马上就要国春节了，在这里祝朋友们新年快乐！每个人都找到自己的幸福所在！</p>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020812435949.jpg" height="453" width="636" /></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><b>欢迎转载，转载请注明：转载自<a href="http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/">周金根</a> [ <a href="http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/">http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/</a> ]</b></p><img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/aggbug/1665829.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p>评论: 16　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/08/1665829.html#pagedcomment" target="_blank">查看评论</a>　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/08/1665829.html#commentform" target="_blank">发表评论</a></p><hr/><p>最新新闻：<br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56826/" target="_blank">YouTube模式遭嫌弃 Hulu模式成视频行业新宠</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:52)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56825/" target="_blank">奇虎360推免费杀毒 周鸿祎用“零门槛”留用户</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:44)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56819/" target="_blank">Yahoo脑震荡 关闭服务十个之多</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56824/" target="_blank">2003年微软遭遇iTunes：我们彻底晕头转向了</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56823/" target="_blank">百度数据能被“作弊”软件篡改？百度:追究侵权</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 11:52)</span><br/></p><p>编辑推荐：<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56812/" target="_blank">Google社会化产品Buzz发布会实录</a><br/></p><p>网站导航：<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">博客园首页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/" target="_blank">个人主页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">新闻</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/ing/" target="_blank">闪存</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/group/" target="_blank">小组</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com/q/" target="_blank">博问</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">社区</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://kb.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">知识库</a></p>]]></description></item><item><title>读书笔记 － 企业精简架构</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/07/1665449.html</link><dc:creator>快乐学习</dc:creator><author>快乐学习</author><pubDate>Sun, 07 Feb 2010 11:14:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/07/1665449.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>阅读: 963 评论: 6 作者: <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/" target="_blank">快乐学习</a> 发表于 2010-02-07 19:14 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/07/1665449.html" target="_blank">原文链接</a></p><p><a href="http://www.douban.com/subject/3923725/"><img style="float: right;" src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020716141397.jpg" height="296" width="202" /></a>　　今天花了一个上午去书店看了一本关于企业架构方面的书籍：《<a href="http://www.douban.com/subject/3923725/">企业精简架构</a>》（3星），这本书适合于架构师和CIO阅读，主要论述如何精简企业架构，道理简单，做起来很难。全书分为两部分：第一部分，作者通过一些直观的问题展示复杂性带来的问题，接着从数学的角度进行分析；第二部分，讨论解决复杂性问题的过程－简单迭代分割（SIP），下面把书中的一些主要内容给大家分享一下。</p>
<h3>企业架构</h3>
<p>　　<b>企业架构的目标是通过IT投资获取最大的商业价值</b>，它是一种高层次的企业视野，<b>聚焦与组织的IT架构和业务架构之间</b>。IT系统如果不能满足商业需求，那将是大大的浪费，而业务过程没有相应的IT支持，效率很难提高。《 <a href="http://www.douban.com/subject/2268515/" onclick="moreurl(this,{i:'0'})">Enterprise Architecture As Strategy</a>》一书的作者们说过，真正能够有效利用企业架构的企业还不到5％，而企业架构又是如此重要，所以更有必要重视企业架构。</p>
<p>　　大多数企业架构师多多少少都有些方法论的经验，但是能够在这个领域有很开阔视野的架构师却为数不多，所以作者在书中介绍了一下目前最流行的Zachman、TOGAF和FEA，他觉得这些方法论更确切地说是框架，并没有很好的指导什么是好架构、什么是坏架构，又该如何做架构（注：<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/01/23/1654721.html">TOGAF9</a></span></b>现在已经包含了一些指导和内容等框架，可以指导如何架构）。他认为<b>好的架构应该是简单的架构</b>，也就是精简架构，在第二部分也提出了一个简单迭代分割（SIP）方法。</p>
<p><img style="float: left;" src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020718060091.jpg" height="340" width="478" /></p>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020718153622.jpg" height="339" width="431" /></p>
<h3><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span>复杂性：<span style="font-size: large;"><i>C=P<sup>D</sup></i></span></h3>
<p>　　书中通过一些如硬币正反面、骰子等直观的示例，通过数学模型讲解一下复杂性的原理：</p>
<p><span style="font-size: large;"><i>　　C=P<sup>D</sup>（c－复杂性；P－每隔决定点的支路数；D－决定点的数目）</i></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span>骰子有6个面，一个骰子可以出6中不同组合，2个是36种，3个是216（6<sup>3</sup>）种，12个是2176782336种，所以系统支持功能越多，每个功能之路数越多，系统就越复杂，可能成指数级的增长，所以需求人员不要以为只是增加了20％的功能量，但系统复杂度可能已经是指数级的增长了。书中还提到了增加桶的概念，其实就是分区的概念，把凌乱的对象按照逻辑划分为不同分区，减少复杂性，如12个骰子放在两个桶中，复杂度为2X6<sup>6</sup>＝93000，与6<sup>12</sup>=2176782336复杂度相比不是一个数量级的。</p>
<p>　　业务过程的复杂度与决定点的数目和那些决定点引出的路径的数目有关。<b>软件系统的复杂度与变量的数目和那些变量的状态数有关。</b>无论是业务过程还是软件系统，它们的复杂度都可以通过骰子系统来建模。在这个模型中，骰子的数目、每个骰子的面数，还有这些骰子是如果分割到几个篮子里的。 </p>
<h3>自治的子集：ABC</h3>
<p>　　<b><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020717590338.jpg" height="308" width="375" /></b></p>
<p><b>　　ABC是企业构架的基本单位</b>，它是一个自治业务能力，是一个业务单元，这些单元之间都是自治的，并且以一种定义好的方式互相作用。</p>
<ul>
<li><b>A（Autonomous）：自治</b>，不依赖于其他ABC的功能也能正常工作</li>
<li><b>B（Business）：业务</b>，有定义好的业务目的</li>
<li><b>C（Capability）：能力</b>，有能力创建出外部世界可见的效果</li>
</ul>
<p>　　ABC模型简化的整个业务模型：</p>
<ol>
<li>模型因为简化而收益，源于分割过程的结果
</li>
<li>模型在处理问题时只关注ABC做什么，而不是怎么做</li>
</ol>
<h3>分区的五条法则</h3>
<p>　　简化复杂性的三种主要方法：分区（分割）、迭代（执行子分区）和简化（移走子分区、做减法）。</p>
<ol>
<li>必须是正确的分区：分割出自治的子集ABC</li>
<li>分区的定义必须是恰当的：功能必须分配到基于协作的等价关系的ABC</li>
<li>合适的子分区数量（3－8个）</li>
<li>每隔子分区中的元素必须在集的数量和重要程度上大致相当</li>
<li>子分区间的相互影响必须最小化且明确定义，ABC应该有伙伴关系</li>
</ol>
<h3>简单迭代分割（SIP）&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h3>
<p>　　我们已经知道ABC是企业构架的基本单位，那么我们如何找到这些ABC呢？SIP是一个找到这样的过程。</p>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020717563835.jpg" /></p>
<ol>
<li>评估</li>
<li>准备</li>
<li>分割：从企业高层视角开始分割</li>
<li>简化：业务功能是否需要？是否可以采取组合方式？非核心功能是否可以外包？</li>
<li>区分优先级：价值图分析<br /><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020718010985.jpg" /></li>
<li>迭代：可以采用TOGAF等方法</li>
</ol>
<h3>互操作性</h3>
<p>　　书中说到互操作性的一些方法：</p>
<ol>
<li>使用过程、方法调用</li>
<li>使用共享数据库</li>
<li>使用共享数据访问层</li>
<li>使用SOA的交互操作</li>
<li>软件城堡模型<br /><br /></li>
</ol>
<h3>软件城堡模型</h3>
<p>　　系统A没有任何部分封装成Web服务，而是让外部的一个叫做Guard的实体实现Web服务，Guard代表外界与系统A进行互操作。外界与Guard使用SOA进行操作。</p>
<p>　　我用ppt画了一个示意图：A、B是两个ABC自治子集</p>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020719280676.jpg" />　　技术划分：</p>
<ul>
<li>规则1：自治</li>
<li>规则2：清晰的边界</li>
<li>规则3：功能分割</li>
<li>规则4：依赖定义</li>
<li>规则5：异步</li>
<li>规则6：数据分割</li>
<li>规则7：无交叉事务</li>
<li>规则8：单点安全</li>
<li>规则9：内部信任</li>
<li>规则10：保持简单</li>
</ul>
<p>这些规则有点类似SOA的规则，说起来简单，做起来可难了！</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>参考：</p>
<p><a href="http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/6747851.html"><b>ControllingComplexity-3 SIP.pdf</b></a></p>
<p><b><a href="http://book.51cto.com/art/200905/123867.htm"><span class="font_blue14_bold">企业精简架构</span>&nbsp; <br /></a></b></p>
<p>﻿</p>
<p><b>欢迎转载，转载请注明：转载自</b><b><a href="http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/">周金根</a> [ <a href="http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/">http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/</a> ]</b></p><img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/aggbug/1665449.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p>评论: 6　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/07/1665449.html#pagedcomment" target="_blank">查看评论</a>　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/07/1665449.html#commentform" target="_blank">发表评论</a></p><hr/><p>最新新闻：<br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56826/" target="_blank">YouTube模式遭嫌弃 Hulu模式成视频行业新宠</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:52)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56825/" target="_blank">奇虎360推免费杀毒 周鸿祎用“零门槛”留用户</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:44)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56819/" target="_blank">Yahoo脑震荡 关闭服务十个之多</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56824/" target="_blank">2003年微软遭遇iTunes：我们彻底晕头转向了</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56823/" target="_blank">百度数据能被“作弊”软件篡改？百度:追究侵权</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 11:52)</span><br/></p><p>编辑推荐：<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56812/" target="_blank">Google社会化产品Buzz发布会实录</a><br/></p><p>网站导航：<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">博客园首页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/" target="_blank">个人主页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">新闻</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/ing/" target="_blank">闪存</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/group/" target="_blank">小组</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com/q/" target="_blank">博问</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">社区</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://kb.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">知识库</a></p>]]></description></item><item><title>blog推荐 － 软件产品管理之Tyner Blain</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/06/1664879.html</link><dc:creator>快乐学习</dc:creator><author>快乐学习</author><pubDate>Sat, 06 Feb 2010 04:01:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/06/1664879.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>阅读: 814 评论: 0 作者: <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/" target="_blank">快乐学习</a> 发表于 2010-02-06 12:01 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/06/1664879.html" target="_blank">原文链接</a></p><p>　　在<a id="CategoryEntryList1_EntryStoryList_Entries_ctl03_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/11/26/1610748.html">《需求入门 － 用户经验曲线》</a>中画的那张用户经验图来自于<a target="_blank" href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/">Tyner Blain</a>，这次给大家推荐一个软件产品管理方面的好blog：<a target="_blank" href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/">Tyner Blain</a></p>
<h3><span style="font-weight: bold;">why should </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">I</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> read Tyner Blain?</span></h3>
<ul>
<li>Because <i><b>you </b></i>want to learn more about <span style="font-style: italic;">those other areas</span> of software development.</li>
<li>Because <i><b>you </b></i>want your company to dominate its market niche.</li>
<li>Because <i><b>you </b></i>want to refine your expertise with new ideas. </li>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
<h3>Categories</h3>
<ul>
<li id="categories">
</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-26"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/administrivia/" title="Administrative posts - related to announcing new functionality on the blog, or other announcements.">Administrivia</a> (31)        <br />        <a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/administrivia/contest/" title="View all posts filed under Contest">Contest</a> (1)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-2"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/austin-tx/" title="Posts related to Austin, TX.">Austin TX</a> (10)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-44"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/business-analysis/" title="Articles of interest to business analysts, or otherwise specifically about business analysis.  Topics are mainly about business process analysis, business requirements analysis, and how to be a good business analyst.">Business Analysis</a> (147)
<ul class="children">
<li class="cat-item cat-item-42"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/business-analysis/business-process-modeling/" title="Tutorials on business process modeling notation (BPMN) or other articles related to process modeling.">Business Process Modeling</a> (38)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-52"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/business-rules/" title="View all posts filed under Business Rules">Business Rules</a> (12)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-3"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/consulting/" title="Articles providing guidance or insight as it relates to IT consulting.">Consulting</a> (103)
<ul class="children">
<li class="cat-item cat-item-4"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/consulting/communication/" title="Articles that focus on communication, including suggestions on how to target communication or make it more clear.  Communication can be written, verbal, in presentations, or other forms.">Communication</a> (90)
<ul class="children">
<li class="cat-item cat-item-5"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/consulting/communication/presentation/" title="Preparing presentations, judging the audience, giving presentations, public speaking, etc">Presentation</a> (15)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-6"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/consulting/communication/writing/" title="Tutorials and suggestions on how to improve your writing.  Primarily focused on writing requirements, use cases, and other artifacts of importance to business analysts and product and program managers.">Writing</a> (39)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-7"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/consulting/outsourcing/" title="Articles that discuss or evaluate outsourcing as a component of successful software development.">Outsourcing</a> (8)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-35"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/data-management/" title="Articles discussing the management of data as a component of developing successful software.">Data management</a> (2)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-34"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/definitions/" title="Definitions of business, financial, and other terms that are relevant to software product development, but not significant enough to warrant a foundation series post.">Definitions</a> (6)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-2136"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/ecommerce/" title="View all posts filed under eCommerce">eCommerce</a> (6)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-40"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/expert-systems/" title="Articles about expert systems and AI.">Expert systems</a> (3)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-45"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/flashback/" title="A look back at the best of Tyner Blain from a year ago.">Flashback</a> (75)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-9"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/foundation-series/" title="The foundation series articles provide an introduction to topics that are directly relevant to the other discussions at Tyner Blain.  They provide background and context to people who want to read the other articles and appreciate the ideas in them.  Topics generally cover business analysis, requirements, and product management.">Foundation series</a> (21)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-53"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/interface-design/" title="View all posts filed under Interface Design">Interface Design</a> (8)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-1956"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/interviews/" title="View all posts filed under Interviews">Interviews</a> (1)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-10"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/lists/" title="Many articles at Tyner Blain are lists of tips, techniques, or good ideas related to software development and requirements management.">Lists</a> (26)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-11"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/marketing/" title="Articles related to marketing and product marketing management.  Many articles focus on word-of-mouth advertising and the idea-virus.">Marketing</a> (24)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-12"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/organizations/" title="Articles that involve or relate to organizations involved in software development.">Organizations</a> (8)
<ul class="children">
<li class="cat-item cat-item-13"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/organizations/ieee/" title="The instituted of electronic and electrical engineers.  This body writes standards that affect and guide the software development process.">IEEE</a> (1)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-43"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/organizations/iiba/" title="Internation Institute of Business Analysts.  This organization provides guidance and standards for business analysis.  They have also recently developed a business analyst certification test.">IIBA</a> (4)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-2092"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/organizations/productcamp-organizations/" title="View all posts filed under ProductCamp">ProductCamp</a> (2)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-33"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/people-management/" title="Articles related to managing people.  Tips on how to evaluate performance and motivate people.">People management</a> (3)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-31"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/polls/" title="Polls that gather the inputs of Tyner Blain's readers.">Polls</a> (10)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-49"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/process-flow/" title="View all posts filed under Process Flow">Process Flow</a> (5)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-20"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/software-process-improvement/" title="Many articles at Tyner Blain focus on improving the software development process.  These articles can address improvement of any aspect of the process, and often overlap with other categories in the site.">Process Improvement</a> (70)
<ul class="children">
<li class="cat-item cat-item-48"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/software-process-improvement/cmmi/" title="Capability Maturity Model Integration.  Invented at Carnegie Mellon's SEI, this framework is used to measure the maturity of a company's implementation of processes.">CMMI</a> (10)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-41"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/product-management/" title="Articles that relate to product management, or are of particular interest to product managers.">Product Management</a> (230)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-8"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/project-management/" title="Articles that provide guidance to project managers, analyse the impact of product management techniques, or are otherwise related to the management of projects.">Project Management</a> (59)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-14"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/requirements/" title="Articles on requirements gathering, documenting requirements, and requirements management.  Our focus is on software requirements management primarily, but we also discuss business requirements and other types of product requirements .  We address market requirements, functional specifications, and application requirements as well.">Requirements</a> (334)
<ul class="children">
<li class="cat-item cat-item-47"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/requirements/prioritization/" title="Articles that discuss the prioritization of requirements.  Prioritization can be used to weight goals, rule out features, or sequence delivery.  Prioritization can be based on market comparison, value analysis, company strategy, or user feedback.  Different strategies exist for making prioritization decisions, and we talk about them here.">Prioritization</a> (41)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-37"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/requirements/requirements-gathering/" title="Articles, tips, and techniques of eliciting requirements.  Business analysts and product managers both practice software requirements gathering.  These articles provide tips on how to gather requirements and create conversations about requirements gathering.">Requirements gathering</a> (99)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-15"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/requirements/rm-software/" title="Software used or designed to be used for managing requirements.  We look at individual applications and what they can do, as well as features or use cases that drive what those applications should do.">Requirements management software</a> (13)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-46"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/requirements/requirements-models/" title="Different models, or documentation techniques for capturing requirements.  Requirements models are the tools in a business analysts toolkit.  Product and program managers also rely on requirements models as methods of documenting requirements.">Requirements Models</a> (143)
<ul class="children">
<li class="cat-item cat-item-1974"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/requirements/requirements-models/ishikawa-diagram/" title="View all posts filed under Ishikawa Diagram">Ishikawa Diagram</a> (7)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-2115"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/requirements/requirements-models/kano-analysis-requirements-models-requirements/" title="View all posts filed under Kano Analysis">Kano Analysis</a> (1)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-30"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/requirements/requirements-models/specs/" title="The artifacts we create when managing requirements, the process of creating them, and how to use them.  The SRS is one of many requirements models.  It specifically documents the details needed by an implementation team to guide the development of the software product.">Software requirements specification</a> (56)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-50"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/requirements/requirements-models/uml/" title="The Unified Modeling Language allows for object oriented analysis and design, also called OOA/OOD.  These articles provide explanations of how, when, or why to use UML models as part of business requirements management.  UML models often enhance the requirements definition process, improve communication of requirements, and simplify the transition from requirements to design.">UML Modeling</a> (12)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-16"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/requirements/requirements-models/use-case/" title="Use cases are the most common requirements model.  They are used to define what users do with the product, in order to achieve their goals.  There are multiple=">Use Cases</a> (67)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-2039"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/requirements/requirements-models/user-stories-requirements-models-requirements/" title="View all posts filed under User Stories">User Stories</a> (5)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-22"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/reviews/" title="This is the parent category for detailed reviews">Reviews</a> (9)
<ul class="children">
<li class="cat-item cat-item-54"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/reviews/books/" title="Reviews of books">Book Reviews</a> (6)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-23"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/reviews/software/" title="These articles discuss and review software products.">Software Reviews</a> (3)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-27"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/roi/" title="ROI stand for return on investment.  We cover tips on calculating return on investment, discuss the importance of return on investment, and explore how ROI can be used for prioritization of requirements and other software requirements management activities.">ROI</a> (37)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-32"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/slightly-off-topic/" title="These articles are only somewhat related, or completely unrelated to other articles at Tyner Blain.">Slightly off-topic</a> (33)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-17"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/software-development/" title="Software development articles generally relate to the implementation stages of the development process.  We also discuss overall approaches and strategy to creating and managing software products, including waterfall, agile, and other methodologies.">Software development</a> (253)
<ul class="children">
<li class="cat-item cat-item-39"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/software-development/agile/" title="Articles that discuss the agile development methodology.  We look at the costs and benefits of agile.  We also try and reconcile agile approaches with structured requirements and user experience approaches.">Agile</a> (116)
<ul class="children">
<li class="cat-item cat-item-51"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/software-development/agile/ap-ratings/" title="A long series of articles documenting the creation of a ratings site using agile practices both for management of requirements and development of the software.  Collectively, these articles represent a case study in agile requirements management and agile software development.">Agile Project: Ratings</a> (43)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-28"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/software-development/design/" title="A key element of the software development process is the design phase.  These articles relate to the design of software - both program design and interface design.">Design</a> (16)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-21"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/software-development/testing/" title="Testing can be automated or manual.  Articles on testing at Tyner Blain involve tracing tests to other artifacts (code, requirements, etc).  They also look at process approaches like continuous integration as a framework for testing, and occasionally go into the details of automated testing, or discuss the tradeoffs between blackbox and whitebox testing.">Testing</a> (46)
<ul class="children">
<li class="cat-item cat-item-36"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/software-development/testing/test-automation/" title="Automated testing is critical to software development.  Efficient development relies upon automated tests for speed of delivery, preventing regression bugs, and mitigating risks.  These articles look specifically at how automation can be improved, and how test automation can be applied to improve the overall process.">Test Automation</a> (25)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-19"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/software-development/hci/" title="The user experience discipline is a relative newcomer to software development.  Alan Cooper is the most prominent figure and author in the space.  These articles address different elements of UX.">UX</a> (59)
<ul class="children">
<li class="cat-item cat-item-38"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/software-development/hci/interaction-design/" title="Interaction design is the key to managing user experience.  These articles discuss tradeoffs and provide tips about interaction design.">Interaction design</a> (25)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-29"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/software-development/hci/usability/" title="Usability is the science and art of creating a better experience for the users of software.  That experience is driven by the choices made during software development.  These articles focus on the relevance and applicability of usabilty to all facets of software product success.">Usability</a> (20)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-55"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/success-stories/" title="View all posts filed under Success Stories">Success Stories</a> (1)</li>
<li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="http://tynerblain.com/blog/category/uncategorized/" title="View all posts filed under Uncategorized">Uncategorized</a> (12)</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><b>欢迎转载，转载请注明：转载自<a href="http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/">周金根</a> [ <a href="http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/">http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/</a> ]</b></p><img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/aggbug/1664879.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p>评论: 0　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/06/1664879.html#pagedcomment" target="_blank">查看评论</a>　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/06/1664879.html#commentform" target="_blank">发表评论</a></p><hr/><p>最新新闻：<br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56826/" target="_blank">YouTube模式遭嫌弃 Hulu模式成视频行业新宠</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:52)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56825/" target="_blank">奇虎360推免费杀毒 周鸿祎用“零门槛”留用户</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:44)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56819/" target="_blank">Yahoo脑震荡 关闭服务十个之多</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56824/" target="_blank">2003年微软遭遇iTunes：我们彻底晕头转向了</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56823/" target="_blank">百度数据能被“作弊”软件篡改？百度:追究侵权</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 11:52)</span><br/></p><p>编辑推荐：<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56812/" target="_blank">Google社会化产品Buzz发布会实录</a><br/></p><p>网站导航：<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">博客园首页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/" target="_blank">个人主页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">新闻</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/ing/" target="_blank">闪存</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/group/" target="_blank">小组</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com/q/" target="_blank">博问</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">社区</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://kb.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">知识库</a></p>]]></description></item><item><title>商业 － 业务领先模型介绍（BLM）</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/06/1664151.html</link><dc:creator>快乐学习</dc:creator><author>快乐学习</author><pubDate>Sat, 06 Feb 2010 02:21:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/06/1664151.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>阅读: 806 评论: 3 作者: <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/" target="_blank">快乐学习</a> 发表于 2010-02-06 10:21 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/06/1664151.html" target="_blank">原文链接</a></p><p>　　<b>企业战略规划的重点在于&ldquo;看准方向、抓住机会、理清业务、设计组织、落实执行&rdquo;，</b><b>建立一个企业的核心竞争力和差异化优势，为企业的长期发展奠定基础是企业战略规划的目标。</b>BLM是IBM在总结自身多年经营管理经验的基础上，形成的一整套的战略制定及执行的模式和方法论。</p>
<p>　　我们公司使用的战略工具就是BLM，我觉得它<b>可以作为企业架构愿景阶段的一个输入</b>，所以在这里简单介绍一下。</p>
<h3>需要掌握的内容</h3>
<p>　　要掌握该模型，主要需要掌握：<br />　　1、&nbsp;理解企业经营管理三要素（战略、执行、领导力）之间的内在关系<br />　　2、&nbsp;掌握同一种指定企业经营战略的语言<br />　　3、&nbsp;掌握IBM的企业领先模型的经营战略制定的基本步骤和方法<br />　　4、&nbsp;理清战略制定步骤之间的内在逻辑关系<br />　　5、&nbsp;达成企业共同的企业经营目标<br />　　6、&nbsp;以战略为依据进行执行跟踪<br />　　7、&nbsp;理解战略自上而下实施方法</p>
<h3>8个方面</h3>
<p>　　BLM认为企业战略的制定和执行包含8个相互影响、相互作用的方面：<b>战略意图</b>、<b>市场洞察</b>、<b>创新焦点</b>、<b>业务设计</b>、<b>关键任务</b>、<b>氛围与文化</b>、<b>人才</b>及<b>正式组织</b>等，他们的关系如下图。</p>
<p><img src="http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/zhoujg/199152/o_%e4%b8%9a%e5%8a%a1%e9%a2%86%e5%85%88%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b%ef%bc%88BLM%ef%bc%89.jpg" width="581" height="279" /></p>
<table bordercolordark="#FFFFFF" style="margin-bottom: 5px; width: 92%;" border="1" bordercolor="#0099cc" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr valign="top">
<td class="neblackA" align="left" valign="middle">战略意图</td>
<td class="neblackA" align="left" valign="middle"><b>组织机构的方向和最终目标，与公司的战略重点相一致。</b><br />                  &middot; 这个业务设计是否提升了公司的战略重点？</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td class="neblackA" width="80" align="left" valign="middle">市场洞察力</td>
<td class="neblackA" align="left" valign="middle"> 了解客户需求、竞争者的动向、技术的发展和市场经济状况以找到机遇和风险，目标是：<b>解释市场上正在发生什么以及这些改变对公司来说意味着什么。</b><br />                  &middot; 这个业务设计所依赖的客户角度和经济上的假设是什么？<br />                  &middot; 这些假设还成立吗？什么可能使他们改变？<br />                  &middot; 客户最优先考虑的是什么？它们又是怎样在改变？<br />                  &middot; 正在发生的技术转变是什么？它们对公司的影响是什么？<br />                  &middot; 是什么将你和竞争对手的业务设计区分开来？</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td class="neblackA" align="left" height="23" valign="middle">创新焦点</td>
<td class="neblackA" align="left" valign="middle">进行与市场同步的探索与试验。从广泛的资源中过滤想法，<b>通过试点和深入市场的实验探索新想法，谨慎的进行投资和处理资源，以应对行业的变化。</b><br />                  &middot; 新的业务设计能否抓住新的<b>价值来源</b>？<br />                  &middot; 这种价值来源是可持续的吗？<br />                  &middot; 客户优先权的变化对你的业务设计会有怎样的影响？<br />                  &middot; 有什么可替代的设计可以满足下一轮的客户优先权？</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td class="neblackA" align="left" height="11" valign="middle">业务设计</td>
<td class="neblackA" align="left" valign="middle">对外部的深入理解，为利用内部能力和战略控制点探索可替代的业务设计提供了基础。业务设计设计五要素：<b>选择客户、价值主张、价值获取、活动范围和战略控制</b>。<br />                  &middot; 我们是否建立现有能力上？<br />                  &middot; 能否获得所要的新能力？</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td class="neblackA" align="left" height="12" valign="middle">关键任务</td>
<td class="neblackA" align="left" valign="middle"><b>满足业务设计和它的价值主张的要求所必须的行动。</b><br />                  &middot; 支持业务设计、尤其是价值主张的实现<br />                  &middot; 可将重要运营流程的设计与落实包括在内<br />                  &middot; 是连接战略与执行的轴心点<br />                  &middot; 是执行的其它部分的基础<br />                  &middot; 年度性的、可按季度跟踪衡量</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td class="neblackA" align="left" height="23" valign="middle">正式组织</td>
<td class="neblackA" align="left" valign="middle">为确保关键任务和流程能有效地执行，需<b>建立相应的组织机构、管理和考核标准</b>，包括人员单位的大小和角色、管理与考评、奖励与激励系统、 职业规划、人员和活动的物理位置，以便于经理指导、控制和激励个人和集体去完成团队的重要任务。<br />                  &middot; 支持关键业务的执行，包括建立相应的组织机构<br />                  &middot; 管理和考核标准，包括人员单位的大小和角色、管理与考评、奖励与激励系统、职业规划、人员和活动的物理位置<br />                  &middot; 目的是便于经理指导、控制和激励个人和集体去完成团队的重要任务</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td class="neblackA" align="left" height="23" valign="middle">人才</td>
<td class="neblackA" align="left" valign="middle">重要岗位的人员要<b>具备相应的能力</b>以完成出色的业绩。<br />                  &middot; 人才需求详细定义<br />                  &middot; 获得<br />                  &middot; 培养<br />                  &middot; 激励<br />                  &middot; 留存</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td class="neblackA" align="left" height="23" valign="middle">氛围文化</td>
<td class="neblackA" align="left" valign="middle"><b>创造好的工作环境以激励员工</b>完成关键任务，<b>积极的氛围能激发人们创造出色的成绩</b>，使得他们更加努力，并<b>在危急时刻鼓舞他们</b>。</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><b><br /></b></p>
<p><b>欢迎转载，转载请注明：转载自<a href="http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/">周金根</a> [ <a href="http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/">http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/</a> ]</b></p><img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/aggbug/1664151.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p>评论: 3　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/06/1664151.html#pagedcomment" target="_blank">查看评论</a>　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/06/1664151.html#commentform" target="_blank">发表评论</a></p><hr/><p>最新新闻：<br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56826/" target="_blank">YouTube模式遭嫌弃 Hulu模式成视频行业新宠</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:52)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56825/" target="_blank">奇虎360推免费杀毒 周鸿祎用“零门槛”留用户</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:44)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56819/" target="_blank">Yahoo脑震荡 关闭服务十个之多</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56824/" target="_blank">2003年微软遭遇iTunes：我们彻底晕头转向了</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56823/" target="_blank">百度数据能被“作弊”软件篡改？百度:追究侵权</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 11:52)</span><br/></p><p>编辑推荐：<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56812/" target="_blank">Google社会化产品Buzz发布会实录</a><br/></p><p>网站导航：<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">博客园首页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/" target="_blank">个人主页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">新闻</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/ing/" target="_blank">闪存</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/group/" target="_blank">小组</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com/q/" target="_blank">博问</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">社区</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://kb.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">知识库</a></p>]]></description></item><item><title>企业架构 － 使用价值流分析找到价值所在</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/04/1662764.html</link><dc:creator>快乐学习</dc:creator><author>快乐学习</author><pubDate>Thu, 04 Feb 2010 15:43:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/04/1662764.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>阅读: 1163 评论: 9 作者: <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/" target="_blank">快乐学习</a> 发表于 2010-02-04 23:43 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/04/1662764.html" target="_blank">原文链接</a></p><p>　　在进行管理软件的业务分析时我们经常会谈到&rdquo;<b>价值点</b>&ldquo;这个词汇，那我们怎么得到这些价值点呢？业务架构阶段下会对价值点进行拆分到功能级别上，而在架构愿景阶段，价值流图提供一个更高级别的视图，涉众可以比较直观的了解，能够快速而清晰的明白需要改变的方向。</p>
<p>　　<b>价值流图是可以保证改进的活动是顾客真正需要的</b>，我们可以按照<b>价值流图析</b>方法选择一个产品，绘制现状图，然后按照<b>EVC多个层次</b>来建模，再按照<b>价值链分析</b>来找出价值点和更改项。我也只是最近才思考这个问题，所以希望大家多多指教！</p>
<h3>价值流图析</h3>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020417335342.jpg" width="322" height="320" /><br /><a id="ctl03_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/04/1663598.html">读书笔记 － 价值流图析：增加价值、消除浪费</a></p>
<h3>企业价值链图（EVC）</h3>
<p>　　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/11/06/1597124.html">Sam</a>提供了一整套梳理业务流程的指导方法，并与之配套了相关的建模工具，基于Sam的梳理方法，可以至顶而下的对企业业务进行层层梳理，确保企业核心价值链在梳理分析下不失真、不偏离。
</p>
<ul>
<li>第一层：企业流程地图(使用Sam的<b>EVC价值增值链法</b>来分析建模)
<div id="border">
<li>第二层：企业流程区域(使用Sam的<b>EVC价值增值链法</b>来分析建模)
<div id="border">
<li>第三层：主流程(使用Sam的EPC事件过程链来分析建模)
<div id="border">
<li>第四层：子流程(使用Sam的EPC事件过程链来分析建模) </li>
<li>第五层：活动(使用Sam丰富的活动元素来描述)</li>
</div>
</li>
</div>
</li>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<p>　　<img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020421523979.jpg" /></p>
<p>　　企业价值增值链图是描述一个企业核心价值增值部分的业务链，是对企业核心价值业务关系的概览分析，同时也是描述一类相似业务区域边界内相关流程和接口流程的关系链图。EVC图在Sam中有充分的符号支持，如下图所示： </p>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020421392261.jpg" /></p>
<p><b>电信行业－数据业务产品开发与运营案例</b></p>
<p>　　从最顶层企业战略核心价值的角度来梳理企业流程地图：数据业务支撑愿景规划包括规划目的和提升方法。</p>
<ul>
<li>规划目的：面对市场竞争为迎接3G时代的到来做好准备，从而提升自身的核心竞争力。</li>
<li>提升方法：通过数据业务的快速提供使支撑队伍和系统资源达到最优配置，规范化流程管理，实现管理突破，提升自身的核心竞争力。</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020421505543.jpg" /></p>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020421490586.jpg" /></p>
<h3><span class="titlelink">价值链分析（</span><span class="heading1">参考</span><a href="http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_10.htm"><span class="heading1">Value Chain Analysis</span></a>）</h3>
<ol>
<li class="bodytext">
<p class="bodytext"><b>活动分析（Activity Analysis）:</b> 通过头脑风暴标识对客户有贡献的活动。在组织级别，包括市场、销售、实施、支持等。在个人和团队级别，包括执行的一步步的流程。</p>
</li>
<li class="bodytext">
<p class="bodytext"><b>价值分析（Value Analysis）:</b> 标识每个活动的价值点，考虑能够为客户添加哪些更大的价值</p>
</li>
<li class="bodytext">
<p class="bodytext"><b>评估和计划（Evaluation and Planning）:</b> 评估是否值得改变，如果值得的话，则计划执行</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020319250985.gif" /></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><b>欢迎转载，转载请注明：转载自<a href="http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/">周金根</a> [ <a href="http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/">http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/</a> ]</b></p><img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/aggbug/1662764.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p>评论: 9　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/04/1662764.html#pagedcomment" target="_blank">查看评论</a>　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/04/1662764.html#commentform" target="_blank">发表评论</a></p><hr/><p>最新新闻：<br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56826/" target="_blank">YouTube模式遭嫌弃 Hulu模式成视频行业新宠</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:52)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56825/" target="_blank">奇虎360推免费杀毒 周鸿祎用“零门槛”留用户</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:44)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56819/" target="_blank">Yahoo脑震荡 关闭服务十个之多</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56824/" target="_blank">2003年微软遭遇iTunes：我们彻底晕头转向了</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56823/" target="_blank">百度数据能被“作弊”软件篡改？百度:追究侵权</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 11:52)</span><br/></p><p>编辑推荐：<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56812/" target="_blank">Google社会化产品Buzz发布会实录</a><br/></p><p>网站导航：<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">博客园首页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/" target="_blank">个人主页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">新闻</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/ing/" target="_blank">闪存</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/group/" target="_blank">小组</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com/q/" target="_blank">博问</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">社区</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://kb.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">知识库</a></p>]]></description></item><item><title>读书笔记 － 价值流图析：增加价值、消除浪费</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/04/1663598.html</link><dc:creator>快乐学习</dc:creator><author>快乐学习</author><pubDate>Thu, 04 Feb 2010 13:30:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/04/1663598.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>阅读: 861 评论: 1 作者: <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/" target="_blank">快乐学习</a> 发表于 2010-02-04 21:30 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/04/1663598.html" target="_blank">原文链接</a></p><p><img style="float: right;" src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020421221254.jpg" />　　在《<a href="http://www.douban.com/subject/1151724/">敏捷软件开发工具－精益开发方法</a>》的精益思想中讲到发现浪费的一个工具：价值流图。《<a href="http://www.douban.com/subject/1959999/">价值流图析：增加价值、消除浪费</a>》详细的描述了如何做价值流图析，本篇介绍一下其中的一些内容。</p>
<h3>价值流</h3>
<p>　　价值流是当前产品通过其基本生产过程所要求的全部活动（包括增值和不增值活动），包括了从产品最基本的原材料阶段一直到产品交付顾客的全部过程。如一辆汽车的制造，包括了从顾客要求到概念设计、产品设计、样车制造、试验、定型、投产到交付后的使用、信息反馈和回收过程，会经历很多车间、工厂、公司，甚至可能经历过多个国家和地区。 </p>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020613485090.jpg" /></p>
<p>　　进行价值流分析意味着对全过程进行研究，而不是单个过程；改进全过程，而不是仅仅优化局部。</p>
<h3><span class="heading1">&nbsp;</span>价值流改进和过程水平改进</h3>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020410473632.jpg" /></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>　　价值流改进和过程水平改进都是公司所需要的，一方面的改进同时也提高另一方面的水平。<b>价值流</b>的改进重点在于<b>材料和信息流</b>（需要高度重视的部分），而<b>过程改进</b>则重点在与<b>人和过程</b>的流动。</p>
<h3>价值流经理</h3>
<p>　　分析时，不要将图析任务分给局部的管理者，并希望将他们的部分编辑在一起的错误，而应该由一个<b>价值流经理</b>来主导。他<b>了解产品系列价值流且能推进其改进的具有领导责任的人</b>，他一般有如下一些工作：</p>
<ul>
<li>向现场最高管理者汇报</li>
<li>应是现场人员，而非职员</li>
<li>领导绘制现在和未来价值流图，并制定从现在状态转换到将来状态的实施计划</li>
<li>控制实施过程的各个方面</li>
<li>每天应到实施的现场</li>
<li>使实施具有最高优先权</li>
<li>保持并完善实施计划</li>
<li>为了达到结果坚持亲自参与工作　　</li>
</ul>
<h3>价值流图析</h3>
<p>　　价值流图析是使用铅笔和纸张帮助你看到和理解生产过程在整个价值流中材料和信息流懂情况的工具。价值流图析的含义很简单：从用户到供应商跟踪产品的生产路径，在材料和信息流中仔细活出每一过程便于看清的代表图形，然后询问一组关键问题并画出一个我们希望的价值流的&ldquo;未来状态&rdquo;图。</p>
<p>　　价值流图析是一个基本工具，帮助发现更多的浪费，找到价值流中浪费的根源。</p>
<p>　　价值流图析技术是帮助你分析整个价值流的一个强有力的工具，它可以帮助看到不仅仅生产的单个工艺过程，而是整个流动；它可以使整个价值流变为可视的一张价值流现状图，使得价值流中的问题显现出来，这样就可以应用各种精益技术将不增值的活动－浪费消除。</p>
<h3>使用价值流图析</h3>
<p>　　价值流图析是日常交流的工具，也使制定业务计划的工具，还是进行过程改变的工具。最好的办法是首先正式的运用它做练习，直到形成习惯，自然的在工作中使用。</p>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020417335342.jpg" /></p>
<h3>绘制现状图</h3>
<p>　　选择一个产品系列后，由价值流经理领导图析工作，考虑材料流和和信息流两个方面，开始从&ldquo;门到门&rdquo;的层面开始。一旦可以看到整个工厂的价值流后，可以将图析进行放大到画出各种过程中每个独立过程的图析，或者放大到工厂以外价值流的图析。</p>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020413290318.jpg" /></p>
<ul>
<li>在沿实际材料流和信息流走的时候要一直亲自收集当时状态信息（没有调查就没有发言权，一定要反应真实情况）</li>
<li>当开始时快速走过门到门的价值流，了解过程的流动和顺序，然后回来收集每个过程的信息（先总后分）</li>
<li>不要从原材料接受处开始向下道工序走，而是由最后的装运处向上道工序走，这样可以从与顾客有最直接联系的地方开始图析（倒叙图析，保证改进的价值流是顾客真正要求的）</li>
<li>带着你的秒表，不要依赖于标准时间或不是你亲自得到的信息（管理软件投资回报中会部分体现在提高生产效率、减少资源投入，所以时间信息比较重要）</li>
<li>即使几个人参加图析工作，也要自己完成整个价值流的图析，保证价值流图析后了解整个价值流的情况（必须整体了解）</li>
<li>一直用铅笔亲手画</li>
</ul>
<p><b>以下为它的一个示例，大家看看可能更直观一些：</b></p>
<h3>材料流</h3>
<ul>
<li><b>现状图首先画出顾客要求</b></li>
</ul>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020413543382.jpg" /></p>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020413553757.jpg" /></p>
<ul>
<li>画出<b>所有过程、数据框以及库存三角</b></li>
</ul>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020413562054.jpg" /></p>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020414000043.jpg" width="1085" height="238" /></p>
<ul>
<li>表示<b>材料流</b></li>
</ul>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020414073030.jpg" width="1088" height="636" /></p>
<h3>信息流</h3>
<p>　　冲压厂的各个过程以及钢卷材供应商如何直到什么时候生产、生产多少？这时候我们就需要加上价值流图析的第二个方面：<b>信息流</b>。信息流用细线来表示，当信息流以电子方式（如传真、电话线）而不是以纸张方式传递时采用像闪电一样的折现。用小方框或支点框来标注或说明不同的信息流箭头。</p>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020414171072.jpg" /></p>
<ul>
<li>画<b>信息流和推动箭头</b>、画出<b>生产时间</b>，从这张图可以认识到过量生产的区域</li>
</ul>
<p>由于不好截图，截取了另一张图代表，大家凑合着看吧，意思是一样的：）</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020414274788.jpg" /></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p class="firstHeading"><a href="http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B%E5%9B%BE">价值流程图</a></p>
<p><a href="http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%E9%93%BE%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B">波特价值链分析模型</a></p>
<p>
<a href="http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E7%BA%B5%E5%90%91%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%E9%93%BE%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90">纵向价值链分析</a></p><img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/aggbug/1663598.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p>评论: 1　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/04/1663598.html#pagedcomment" target="_blank">查看评论</a>　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/04/1663598.html#commentform" target="_blank">发表评论</a></p><hr/><p>最新新闻：<br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56826/" target="_blank">YouTube模式遭嫌弃 Hulu模式成视频行业新宠</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:52)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56825/" target="_blank">奇虎360推免费杀毒 周鸿祎用“零门槛”留用户</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:44)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56819/" target="_blank">Yahoo脑震荡 关闭服务十个之多</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56824/" target="_blank">2003年微软遭遇iTunes：我们彻底晕头转向了</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56823/" target="_blank">百度数据能被“作弊”软件篡改？百度:追究侵权</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 11:52)</span><br/></p><p>编辑推荐：<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56812/" target="_blank">Google社会化产品Buzz发布会实录</a><br/></p><p>网站导航：<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">博客园首页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/" target="_blank">个人主页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">新闻</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/ing/" target="_blank">闪存</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/group/" target="_blank">小组</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com/q/" target="_blank">博问</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">社区</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://kb.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">知识库</a></p>]]></description></item><item><title>企业架构 － 涉众管理（Stakeholder Management）</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/03/1662473.html</link><dc:creator>快乐学习</dc:creator><author>快乐学习</author><pubDate>Wed, 03 Feb 2010 10:41:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/03/1662473.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>阅读: 979 评论: 2 作者: <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/" target="_blank">快乐学习</a> 发表于 2010-02-03 18:41 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/03/1662473.html" target="_blank">原文链接</a></p><ol></ol>
<p>　　复杂系统的复杂不仅在与架构开发流程本身，还与是否获得大范围涉众的一致同意有关，涉众管理的好不能肯定企业架构一定做得好，但是涉众管理做得不好，企业架构肯定做不好。对于管理类型项目来说，<span style="font-family: 宋体;">客户的满意度有时就能体现出我们和客户一开始交流得够不够。</span>在A阶段（架构愿景）中我们需要进行涉众管理，交付类似下图的<b>Stakeholder Map Matrix</b>。本篇介绍一下涉众管理。</p>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020315501570.jpg" /></p>
<h3>好处</h3>
<ol>
<li>标识重要的涉众，能在早期更好的框定<b>架构需求和范围</b></li>
<li>通过重要涉众的支持，可以获取更多的<b>资源</b></li>
<li>早期<b>频繁</b>的和涉众<b>沟通</b>，可以<b>确保更完整的理解</b>架构流程</li>
</ol>
<h3>管理流程</h3>
<ol>
<li>获取涉众列表<br />
<ul>
<li>谁从项目中收益或遭受损失?</li>
<li>谁控制项目?</li>
<li>谁来设计系统?</li>
<li>谁作出决策?</li>
<li>谁获得IT系统并决定是否购买?</li>
<li>谁控制资源?</li>
<li>谁有项目要求的专业技能?</li>
<li>谁对项目有影响力?</li>
<li>问发起人或客户</li>
<li>检查组织机构</li>
<li>比较类似项目组</li>
</ul>
<img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201001/2010012314071787.png" width="600" height="453" /></li>
<li>认识涉众的态度<br />
<ul>
<li>这个人是否准备好了从当前现状改变到目标架构上？如故事，准备怎么改变？</li>
<li>这个人是否有能力作为一个企业架构发动人和推动者？如果是，他有什么能力？</li>
<li>如何参与到企业架构活动中？只是感兴趣了解而已，还是需要详细了解？</li>
<li>对企业架构的开发是否有合约性的承诺？</li>
</ul>
<table border="1">
<tbody>
<tr valign="top">
<th align="center">
<p class="tent"><b>涉众分组</b></p>
</th><th align="center">
<p class="tent"><b>涉众</b></p>
</th><th align="center">
<p class="tent"><b>推动力</b></p>
</th><th align="center">
<p class="tent"><b>当前清楚改变</b></p>
</th><th align="center">
<p class="tent"><b>需要</b><b>清楚改变</b></p>
</th><th align="center">
<p class="tent"><b>当前责任义务</b></p>
</th><th align="center">
<p class="tent"><b>需要</b><b>责任</b><b>义务</b></p>
</th><th align="center">
<p class="tent"><b>需要支持</b></p>
</th>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">CIO</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">张三</p>
</td>
<td align="center">高</td>
<td align="center">
<p class="tent">中</p>
</td>
<td align="center">
<p class="tent">高</p>
</td>
<td align="center">
<p class="tent">低</p>
</td>
<td align="center">
<p class="tent">中</p>
</td>
<td align="center">
<p class="tent">高</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">CFO</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">李四</p>
</td>
<td align="center">
<p class="tent">中</p>
</td>
<td align="center">
<p class="tent">中</p>
</td>
<td align="center">
<p class="tent">中</p>
</td>
<td align="center">
<p class="tent">低</p>
</td>
<td align="center">
<p class="tent">中</p>
</td>
<td align="center">
<p class="tent">中</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</li>
<li>知道关键涉众: <b>Power/Interest</b>
<ul>
<li>A 不关注他</li>
<li>B 让他知道</li>
<li>C 使他满意</li>
<li>D 与他协作</li>
</ul>
<img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020314032660.png" /></li>
<li>裁剪涉众相关交付视图（ViewPoint）</li>
</ol>
<p>　　不同项目中自行进行裁剪，在<b>TOGAF文档中举了一个裁剪示例</b>：</p>
<ol>
</ol>
<table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tbody>
<tr valign="top">
<th align="center">
<p class="tent"><b>涉众</b></p>
</th><th align="center">
<p class="tent"><b>参与</b></p>
</th><th align="center">
<p class="tent"><b>分类</b></p>
</th><th align="center">
<p class="tent"><b>相关视图</b></p>
</th>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">CxO<br /> (Corporate Functions);<br /> e.g., CEO, CFO, CIO, COO</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">This stakeholder group is interested in the high-level drivers, goals, and objectives of the organization, and howthese are translated into an effective process and IT architecture to advance the business.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEEP SATISFIED</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Business Footprint</p>
<p>Goal/Objective/ Service Model</p>
<p>Organization Chart</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Program Management Office<br /> (Corporate Functions);<br /> e.g., Project Portfolio Managers</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">This stakeholder group is interested in prioritizing, funding, and aligning change activity. An understanding ofproject content and technical dependencies between projects adds a further dimension of richness to portfolio managementdecision-making.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEEP SATISFIED</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Roadmaps</p>
<p>Business Footprint</p>
<p>Application Communication</p>
<p>Functional Decomposition</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Procurement<br /> (Corporate Functions);<br /> e.g., Acquirers</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Major concerns for these stakeholders are understandingwhat building blocks of the architecture can be bought, andwhat constraints (or rules) exist that are relevant to the purchase.The acquirer will shop with multiple vendors looking for thebest cost solution while adhering to the constraints (or rules) appliedby the architecture, such as standards. The key concern isto make purchasing decisions that fit the architecture, and thereby toreduce the risk of added costs arising from non-compliantcomponents.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEY PLAYERS</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Cost View</p>
<p>Standards View</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Human Resources (HR)<br /> (Corporate Functions);<br /> e.g., HR Managers, Training &amp; Development Managers</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Key features of the enterprise architecture are the roles and Actors that support the functions, applications, andtechnology of the organization. HR are important stakeholders in ensuring that the correct roles and actors are represented.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEEP INFORMED</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Organization Chart</p>
<p>Organization/Actor/ Location</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Enterprise Security<br /> (Corporate Functions);<br /> e.g., Corporate Risk Management, Security Officers, IT Security Managers</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Major concerns for this group are understanding how to ensure that the information, data, and systems of theorganization are available to only those that have permission, and how to protect the information, data, and systems fromunauthorized tampering.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEY PLAYERS</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Data Security View</p>
<p>Networked Computing Hardware View</p>
<p>Communications View</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">QA/Standards Group<br /> (Corporate Functions);<br /> e.g., Data Owners, Process Owners, Technical Standards Bodies</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Major concerns for this group are ensuring the consistent governance of the organization's business, data,application, and technology assets.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEY PLAYERS</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Standards</p>
<p>Guidelines</p>
<p>Specifications</p>
<p>Standards View</p>
<p>Application Portfolio</p>
<p>Technology Portfolio</p>
<p>Technology Standards</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Executive<br /> (End User Organization);<br /> e.g., Business Unit Directors, Business Unit CxOs, Business Unit Head of IT/Architecture</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">This stakeholder group is interested in the high-level drivers, goals, and objectives of the organization, and howthese are translated into an effective process and IT architecture to advance the business.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEEP SATISFIED</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Business Footprint</p>
<p>Goal/Objective/ Service Model</p>
<p>Organization Chart</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Line Management<br /> (End User Organization);<br /> e.g., Senior Business Managers, Operations Regional Managers, IT Managers</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">This stakeholder is interested in the top-level functions and processes of the organization, and how the keyapplications of the IT estate support these processes.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEY PLAYERS</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Organization/Actor/ Location</p>
<p>Goal/Objective/ Service Model</p>
<p>Cost View</p>
<p>Application &amp; User Location View</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Business Domain Experts<br /> (End User Organization);<br /> e.g., Business Process Experts, Business/Process Analyst, Process Architect, Process Designer, Functional Managers, BusinessAnalyst</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">This stakeholder is interested in the functional aspects of processes and systems. This can cover the human actorsinvolved in the system, the user processes involved in the system, the functions required to support the processes, and theinformation required to flow in support of the processes.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEY PLAYERS</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Process Flow</p>
<p>Use-case</p>
<p>Service/Information Events</p>
<p>Functional Decomposition</p>
<p>Application - Application Communication View</p>
<p>Data Entity/Business Function Matrix</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">IT Service Management<br /> (Systems Operations);<br /> e.g., Service Delivery Manager</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Major concerns for this group are ensuring that IT services provided to the organization meet the service levelsrequired by that organization to succeed in business.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEEP INFORMED</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Standards View</p>
<p>Enterprise Manageability View</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">IT Operations - Applications<br /> (System Operations);<br /> e.g., Application Architecture, System &amp; Software Engineers</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Major concerns for these stakeholders are: Development Approach, Software Modularity and Re-use, PortabilityMigration, and Interoperability.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEY PLAYERS</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Process - System Realization View</p>
<p>Application - Data View</p>
<p>Application Migration Cost View</p>
<p>Software Engineering View</p>
<p>Platform Decomposition View</p>
<p>Networked Computing - Hardware View</p>
<p>Software Distribution View</p>
<p>Data Entities to Application Systems View</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">IT Operations - Infrastructure<br /> (System Operations);<br /> e.g., Infrastructure Architect, Wintel support, Mid-range support, Operational DBA, Service Desk</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Infrastructure stakeholders are typically concerned with location, modifiability, re-usability, and availability ofall components of the system. In general these stakeholders are concerned with ensuring that the appropriate components aredeveloped and deployed within the system in an optimal manner.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEY PLAYERS</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Platform Decomposition View</p>
<p>Standards View</p>
<p>Enterprise Manageability View</p>
<p>Networked Computing - Hardware View</p>
<p>Processing View</p>
<p>Environments &amp; Locations View</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">IT Operations - Data/Voice Communications<br /> (System Operations);<br /> e.g., Network Management</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Communications engineers are typically concerned with location, modifiability, re-usability, and availability ofcommunications and networking services. In general these stakeholders are concerned with ensuring that the appropriatecommunications and networking services are developed and deployed within the system in an optimal manner.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEY PLAYERS</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Communications View</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Executive<br /> (Project Organization);<br /> e.g., Sponsor, Program Manager</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">This stakeholder group is interested in on-time, on-budget delivery of a change initiative that will realizeexpected benefits for the organization.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEEP INFORMED</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Architecture Requirements</p>
<p>Architecture Principles</p>
<p>Architecture Vision</p>
<p>Functional Decomposition</p>
<p>Application &amp; User Location View</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Line Management<br /> (Project Organization);<br /> e.g., Project Manager</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">This stakeholder group is responsible for operationally achieving on-time, on-budget delivery of a changeinitiative with an agreed scope.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEEP INFORMED</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Application - Application Communication View</p>
<p>Functional Decomposition</p>
<p>Environments &amp; Locations View</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Business Process/Functional Expert<br />(Project Organization);<br /> e.g., Financials FICO Functional Consultant, HR Functional Consultant</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">This stakeholder group will elaborate the functional requirements of a change initiative based on experience andinteraction with business domain experts in the end-user organization.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEY PLAYERS</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Process Flow</p>
<p>Use-case</p>
<p>Service/Information Events</p>
<p>Functional Decomposition</p>
<p>Application - Application Communication View</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Product Specialist<br /> (Project Organization);<br />e.g., Portal Product Specialist</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">This stakeholder group is responsible for specifying technology product designs in order to meet projectrequirements and comply with the Architecture Vision of the solution.</p>
<p>In a packages and packaged services environment, product expertise can be used to identify product capabilities that can bereadily leveraged and can provide guidance on strategies for product customization.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEY PLAYERS</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Software Engineering View</p>
<p>Application - Data View</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Technical Specialist<br /> (Project Organization);<br />e.g., Application Architect</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">This stakeholder group is responsible for specifying technology product designs in order to meet projectrequirements and comply with the Architecture Vision of the solution.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEY PLAYERS</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Software Engineering View</p>
<p>Platform Decomposition View</p>
<p>Process System</p>
<p>Realization View</p>
<p>Application - Data View</p>
<p>Application Migration Cost View</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Regulatory Bodies<br />(Outside Services);<br /> e.g., Financial Regulator, Industry Regulator</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">The main concerns of this group are that they canreceive the information they need in order to regulate the clientorganization, and that their information requirements are beingunderstood and properly satisfied. They are specifically interestedin reporting processes, and the data and applications used to provideregulatory return information.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEEP SATISFIED</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Business Footprint</p>
<p>Application - Application Communication View</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Suppliers<br /> (Outside Services);<br /> e.g., Alliance Partners, Key Suppliers</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">The main concerns of this group are that the information exchange requirements that they have are met in order thatagreed service contracts with the client organizations can be fulfilled.</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">KEEP SATISFIED</p>
</td>
<td align="left">
<p class="tent">Business Footprint</p>
<p>Service-Information View</p>
<p>Application - Application Communication View</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>ArchiMate对ViewPoint的分类
</h3>
<p>ArchiMate架构语言从视图的<b>目的</b>和<b>抽象级别</b>来对ViewPoint进行了如下分类：<br /><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020314350621.png" /><br /><b>Viewpoint Purpose</b></p>
<table style="width: 540px;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<thead>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top"><br /></td>
<td width="156" valign="top">
<p class="TableColumnHeading">Typical Stakeholders</p>
</td>
<td width="156" valign="top">
<p class="TableColumnHeading">Purpose</p>
</td>
<td width="156" valign="top">
<p class="TableColumnHeading">Examples</p>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top">
<p class="TableColumnHeading">Designing</p>
</td>
<td width="156" valign="top">
<p class="TableText">architect, software developer, business process designer</p>
</td>
<td width="156" valign="top">
<p class="TableText">navigate, design, support design decisions, compare alternatives</p>
</td>
<td width="156" valign="top">
<p class="TableText">UML diagram, BPMN diagram, flowchart, ER diagram</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top">
<p class="TableColumnHeading">Deciding</p>
</td>
<td width="156" valign="top">
<p class="TableText">manager, CIO, CEO</p>
</td>
<td width="156" valign="top">
<p class="TableText">decision-making</p>
</td>
<td width="156" valign="top">
<p class="TableText">cross-reference table, landscape map, list, report</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top">
<p class="TableColumnHeading">Informing</p>
</td>
<td width="156" valign="top">
<p class="TableText">employee, customer, others</p>
</td>
<td width="156" valign="top">
<p class="TableText">explain, convince, obtain commitment</p>
</td>
<td width="156" valign="top">
<p class="TableText">animation, cartoon, process illustration, char</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>　　<b>Viewpoint Abstraction Levels</b></p>
<table style="width: 540px;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="75" valign="top"><br /></td>
<td width="155" valign="top">
<p class="TableColumnHeading">Typical Stakeholders</p>
</td>
<td width="155" valign="top">
<p class="TableColumnHeading">Purpose</p>
</td>
<td width="155" valign="top">
<p class="TableColumnHeading">Examples</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="75" valign="top">
<p class="TableColumnHeading">Details</p>
</td>
<td width="155" valign="top">
<p class="TableText">software engineer, process owner</p>
</td>
<td width="155" valign="top">
<p class="TableText">design, manage</p>
</td>
<td width="155" valign="top">
<p class="TableText">UML class diagram, BPMN process diagram</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="75" valign="top">
<p class="TableColumnHeading">Coherence</p>
</td>
<td width="155" valign="top">
<p class="TableText">operational managers</p>
</td>
<td width="155" valign="top">
<p class="TableText">analyze dependencies, impact of-change</p>
</td>
<td width="155" valign="top">
<p class="TableText">views expressing relations like &ldquo;use&rdquo;, &ldquo;realize&rdquo;, and &ldquo;assign&rdquo;</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="75" valign="top">
<p class="TableColumnHeading">Overview</p>
</td>
<td width="155" valign="top">
<p class="TableText">enterprise architect, CIO, CEO</p>
</td>
<td width="155" valign="top">
<p class="TableText">change management</p>
</td>
<td width="155" valign="top">
<p class="TableText">landscape map</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_ctl04_DayList_ctl02_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/01/23/1654721.html"><br /></a></b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_ctl04_DayList_ctl02_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/01/23/1654721.html"><br /></a></b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_ctl04_DayList_ctl02_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/01/23/1654721.html">企业架构 － 开篇：TOGAF介绍</a></b></span></p>
<p><br /><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span><b>欢迎转载，转载请注明：转载自<a href="http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/">周金根</a> [ <a href="http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/">http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/</a> ]</b></p>
<ol></ol><img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/aggbug/1662473.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p>评论: 2　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/03/1662473.html#pagedcomment" target="_blank">查看评论</a>　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/03/1662473.html#commentform" target="_blank">发表评论</a></p><hr/><p>最新新闻：<br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56826/" target="_blank">YouTube模式遭嫌弃 Hulu模式成视频行业新宠</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:52)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56825/" target="_blank">奇虎360推免费杀毒 周鸿祎用“零门槛”留用户</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:44)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56819/" target="_blank">Yahoo脑震荡 关闭服务十个之多</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56824/" target="_blank">2003年微软遭遇iTunes：我们彻底晕头转向了</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56823/" target="_blank">百度数据能被“作弊”软件篡改？百度:追究侵权</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 11:52)</span><br/></p><p>编辑推荐：<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56812/" target="_blank">Google社会化产品Buzz发布会实录</a><br/></p><p>网站导航：<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">博客园首页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/" target="_blank">个人主页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">新闻</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/ing/" target="_blank">闪存</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/group/" target="_blank">小组</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com/q/" target="_blank">博问</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">社区</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://kb.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">知识库</a></p>]]></description></item><item><title>企业架构 － 架构原则</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/02/1660730.html</link><dc:creator>快乐学习</dc:creator><author>快乐学习</author><pubDate>Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:33:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/02/1660730.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>阅读: 1578 评论: 1 作者: <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/" target="_blank">快乐学习</a> 发表于 2010-02-02 18:33 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/02/1660730.html" target="_blank">原文链接</a></p><p><img style="float: right;" src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020309185939.jpg" height="294" width="298" />　　建筑规范规定了<i>卧室的窗子至少要30英寸高，20英寸长</i>，这样一来，在发生火灾时，人员就可以通过；公交车上的<i><span style="text-decoration: underline;">黄色座椅为老有病残专座</span></i>；还有教育孩子时经常说的<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><i>给孩子自由，但是对于涉及安全</i></span>等一定要干预。这些都是生活中的需要遵守的原则。那做架构时，是不是也需要遵守一些原则？这些原则有什么用？存在哪些原则呢？原则这个概念，我认为还是比较难理解的，看了TOGAF的文档后还是很模糊，以下我就把我个人现在对架构原则的理解和大家分享一下。</p>
<h3>约束和原则</h3>
<p><b>什么是约束</b></p>
<p><i>　　问题：有一只猪四百斤，一座桥承重两百斤，猪怎么过桥？<br />　　条件：<br />　　1.猪是活猪，任何解决方案都不得切割猪；<br />　　2.故事发生在猪王国，不要引入人的因素；<br />　　3.是过桥，不是过河，不要说是游泳过去；<br />　　4.是过桥，不是过涧，不要说是飞过去丫；<br />　　5.桥是承重两百斤的桥，把桥挪到平地上抑或过另一座承重超过四百斤的桥都属改变性状；<br />　　6.不是文字游戏，不要说&ldquo;猪晕过去了&rdquo;。</i></p>
<p>　　约束在我们以前做需求、架构时经常谈到，会比较容易理解，就是限制我们作出决定的一些条件，比如必须使用Delphi、使用SQL Server等。</p>
<p><b>什么是原则</b></p>
<p>　　原则：说话或行事所依据的通用规则和指导方针，是做某件事或解决某个问提或在某个领域里不能离开的禁止性规定。原则如宪法，我们必须遵守，如我们建设中国有特色的社会主义，比须坚持党的领导，坚持走社会主义道路，坚持民主集中制，坚持改革开放四项基本原则。　</p>
<p>　　架构原则可以作为IT架构决策的依据，驱动架构定义，可以一开始通过<b>头脑风暴</b>来收集，后续还可以<b>通过开发过程中增加</b>。与规则有关的一个概念是指导方针，<a id="h530" title="指导方针" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guideline"><span style="color: #0b59b2;">指导方针</span></a>则尝试着根据一系列的常规程序来精简出特定的流程，<b>指导方针永远不是强制性的</b>。　</p>
<p><b>约束和原则相比</b></p>
<p>　　<b>约束受特定环境影响</b>，可能有多种方案，但是基于特定的环境下我挑选出一些方案。而<b>架构原则创造环境</b>，像一把伞，影响着业务架构、信息架构、应用架构和技术架构，是比约束更高层的约定，它要求容易理解、一致、稳定、完整。</p>
<p>　　约束必须在架构原则范围内。企业现有网络环境以太网速度为10M，则约束就为网络速度为10M。如果企业架构中要求以太网的连接速度必须达到100M，从而可以让视频或声音的数据流可以很好的传输，考虑架构原则时，约束的作用力就没有架构原则强，此时就需要去除这个约束，提高以太网速度来满足架构。（<b>如有不同观点请指正</b>）</p>
<h3>我理解的一些示例</h3>
<ul>
<li>架构原则
<ul>
<li>基于标准方法来做架构，如使用TOGAF架构方法</li>
<li>说不清的不做</li>
<li>没人上层持久推动的不做</li>
<li>达不成一致意见的不做</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>业务原则
<ul>
<li>业务持续性（对业务发展有长远计划，不能只考虑近期实现范围）</li>
<li>业务通用性（业务是否可以作为一个公用业务架构）</li>
<li>业务一致性</li>
<li>合法</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>数据原则
<ul>
<li>数据价值性&gt;数据正确性&gt;数据完整性</li>
<li>数据积累分析需要规范化数据</li>
<li>数据是安全的</li>
<li>数据不只是可以共享的数据，还包含业务规则和策略</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>应用原则
<ul>
<li>技术独立性，不绑定到特定厂商</li>
<li>易用</li>
<li>模块化设计</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>技术原则
<ul>
<li>响应变化</li>
<li>可扩展</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>TOGAF示例</h3>
<p>下面为TOGAF的一个示例，更多示例参考<a href="http://www.opengroup.org/architecture/togaf8-doc/arch/chap29.html">TOGAF Architecture Principles</a>。<b></b></p>
<dl compact="compact"><dt><b>Principle 9:</b></dt><dd><b>Data is an Asset</b></dd><dt>Statement:</dt><dd>Data is an asset that has value to the enterprise and is managed accordingly.</dd><dt>Rationale:</dt><dd>Datais a valuable corporate resource; it has real, measurablevalue. Insimple terms, the purpose of data is to aiddecision-making. Accurate,timely data is critical to accurate, timelydecisions. Most corporateassets are carefully managed, anddata is no exception. Data is thefoundation of our decision-making, sowe must also carefully manage datato ensure that we knowwhere it is, can rely upon its accuracy, and canobtain it when andwhere we need it.</dd><dt>Implications:</dt><dd>
<ul>
<li>This is one of three closely-related principles regarding data:data is an asset; data is shared; and data is easilyaccessible. Theimplication is that there is an education task to ensure that allorganizations within the enterprise understandthe relationship betweenvalue of data, sharing of data, and accessibility to data.</li>
<li>Stewards must have the authority and means to manage the data for which they are accountable.</li>
<li>We must make the cultural transition from "data ownership" thinking to "data stewardship" thinking.</li>
<li>The role of data steward is critical because obsolete, incorrect,or inconsistent data could be passed to enterprise personnelandadversely affect decisions across the enterprise.</li>
<li>Part of the role of data steward, who manages the data, is toensuredata quality. Procedures must be developed and used toprevent andcorrect errors in the information and to improve thoseprocesses thatproduce flawed information. Data quality willneed to be measured andsteps taken to improve data quality - it isprobable that policy andprocedures will need to be developedfor this as well.</li>
<li>A forum with comprehensive enterprise-wide representation should decide on process changes suggested by the steward.</li>
<li>Since data is an asset of value to the entire enterprise, datastewards accountable for properly managing the data must beassigned atthe enterprise level.</li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>参考</p>
<p><a href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ar-archprinc/">Architecture principles: Creating the foundation for robust architecture</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.opengroup.org/architecture/togaf8-doc/arch/chap29.html">TOGAF Architecture Principles</a></p>
<p class="title"><a href="http://groups.apu.edu/awg/principles">IT Architecture Principles 1.0</a></p>
<p class="title">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="title"><b>欢迎转载，转载请注明：转载自<a href="http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/">周金根</a> [ <a href="http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/">http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/</a> ]</b></p><img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/aggbug/1660730.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p>评论: 1　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/02/1660730.html#pagedcomment" target="_blank">查看评论</a>　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/02/1660730.html#commentform" target="_blank">发表评论</a></p><hr/><p>最新新闻：<br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56826/" target="_blank">YouTube模式遭嫌弃 Hulu模式成视频行业新宠</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:52)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56825/" target="_blank">奇虎360推免费杀毒 周鸿祎用“零门槛”留用户</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:44)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56819/" target="_blank">Yahoo脑震荡 关闭服务十个之多</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56824/" target="_blank">2003年微软遭遇iTunes：我们彻底晕头转向了</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56823/" target="_blank">百度数据能被“作弊”软件篡改？百度:追究侵权</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 11:52)</span><br/></p><p>编辑推荐：<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56812/" target="_blank">Google社会化产品Buzz发布会实录</a><br/></p><p>网站导航：<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">博客园首页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/" target="_blank">个人主页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">新闻</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/ing/" target="_blank">闪存</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/group/" target="_blank">小组</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com/q/" target="_blank">博问</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">社区</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://kb.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">知识库</a></p>]]></description></item><item><title>开源信息系统开发平台之OpenExpressApp框架 1.1 春节飞虎版发布</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/02/1661408.html</link><dc:creator>快乐学习</dc:creator><author>快乐学习</author><pubDate>Tue, 02 Feb 2010 06:25:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/02/1661408.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>阅读: 1761 评论: 9 作者: <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/" target="_blank">快乐学习</a> 发表于 2010-02-02 14:25 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/02/1661408.html" target="_blank">原文链接</a></p><p>　　<img style="float: right;" src="http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/zhoujg/168052/r_OpenExpessApp%20Roadmap.jpg" height="453" width="555" />自<span style="font-size: medium;">&nbsp;</span><b><a id="ctl03_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/10/09/1579632.html">信息系统开发平台openexpressapp 1.0发布</a></b>后到现在有4个月了，中间陆续发布了一些内容介绍的blog。<a href="http://openexpressapp.codeplex.com/"></a></p>
<p>　　
<span style="color: #0000ff;">OpenExpressApp不会带给大家创新性的技术，而是以务实的态度，将现有技术和产品中有价值的部分引入到一起，它要做的是整合别人已经实践的方法来提高我们自身的开发能力，以求快速、高质量的开发信息系统产品。</span>不同于以往为特定开发角色提供独立的开发工具和框架，它基于业务模型驱动开发指导思想，为业务分析人员、软件设计和开发人员提供的一种集成的开发平台，提供报表、流程、元数据等基础引擎，具有业务建模、领域建模和应用建模等模型，并提供权限、报表等多个通用应用模块。为了支持软件开发，还将提供基于敏捷思想的软件项目管理工具、快速原型工具和测试支持。</p>
<p>　　在<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_ctl04_DayList_ctl00_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/01/21/1653663.html">年度总结和计划：去年4个1，今年5个1</a></b></span>中讲到去年我自我满意的一个事情就是开发了OpenExpressApp框架，而现在OpenExpressApp框架主要内容基本完成，今年上半年主要是学习实践一下TOGAF和BABOK等与业务、方法有关的内容，下半年开始OpenExpressApp平台的元模型引擎研究和开发，所以估计会有一段时间会不会再去扩展框架本身了。</p>
<p>　　马上就要过春节了，现在把包含以下内容的源码已经同步到<a href="http://codeplex.com/OpenExpressApp">Codeplex</a>，发布<b>春节飞虎</b><b>版1.1</b>，也当是送给一直关注OpenExpressApp的你的一份新年礼物吧：）</p>
<ol></ol>
<h3>代码下载</h3>
<p>源码页面：<b>http://openexpressapp.codeplex.com/SourceControl/list/changesets</b></p>
<p>SVN地址：<b>https://OpenExpressApp.svn.codeplex.com/svn&nbsp;&nbsp; （</b>Change Set：40080&nbsp;&nbsp; 飞虎版）</p>
<h3>使用说明</h3>
<ol>
<li>生成数据库：执行Example\OpenExpressApp.sql 生成数据库，或者通过Lib\DBCreator.exe从项目编译后的类库生成数据库</li>
<li>打开OpenExpressApp\OpenExpressApp.sln，修改OpenExpressApp.Host.WPF配置文件的数据库连接字符串为自己的配置</li>
<li>运行，界面如下：</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020210375141.jpg" /><br /><img src="http://pic002.cnblogs.com/img/zhoujg/201002/2010020213410927.jpg" /></p>
<ol>
<li><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/09/15/1567353.html" class="externalLink">OpenExpressApp架构－一个信息系统的平台<span class="externalLinkIcon">&nbsp;</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/10/10/1579743.html" class="externalLink">订单示例<span class="externalLinkIcon">&nbsp;</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/10/12/1582009.html" class="externalLink">总体架构的由来<span class="externalLinkIcon">&nbsp;</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/11/01/1593632.html" class="externalLink">平台学习必备知识<span class="externalLinkIcon">&nbsp;</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/10/19/1585773.html" class="externalLink">代码目录说明<span class="externalLinkIcon">&nbsp;</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/11/16/1603824.html" class="externalLink">应用模型ApplicationModel<span class="externalLinkIcon">&nbsp;</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/11/12/1601599.html" class="externalLink">内置支持的模块类型<span class="externalLinkIcon">&nbsp;</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/10/16/1584323.html" class="externalLink">内置支持的属性编辑方式<span class="externalLinkIcon">&nbsp;</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/11/02/1594360.html" class="externalLink">内置支持的列表编辑方式<span class="externalLinkIcon">&nbsp;</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/11/05/1596482.html" class="externalLink">理解核心元素ObjectView<span class="externalLinkIcon">&nbsp;</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/11/11/1600687.html" class="externalLink">AutoUI自动生成界面<span class="externalLinkIcon">&nbsp;</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/11/16/1603826.html" class="externalLink">Command扩展机制</a></li>
<li>
<p><a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl00_DayItem_DayList_ctl00_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/11/25/1610700.html">支持列表分组(Group)</a></p>
</li>
<li><a id="PostsList1_rpPosts_ctl03_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/11/23/1608828.html">如何部署OEA应用</a></li>
<li><a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl01_DayItem_DayList_ctl00_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/11/24/1609903.html">配置CSLA的WCF数据门户代理</a></li>
<li><a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl00_DayItem_DayList_ctl00_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/11/30/1613753.html">CSLA约定及框架约定</a></li>
<li><a class="titlelnk" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/12/13/1621877.html" target="_blank">CSLA类库编写</a></li>
<li><a class="titlelnk" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/12/13/1622509.html" target="_blank">数据懒加载</a></li>
<li><a id="ctl03_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/12/14/1623560.html">模型相关Attribute介绍</a></li>
<li><a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl01_DayItem_DayList_ctl00_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/12/01/1613826.html">性能相关</a></li>
<li><a class="titlelnk" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/12/21/1628936.html">支持差异保存</a></li>
<li><a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl00_DayItem_DayList_ctl00_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/12/04/1616784.html">支持WPF主题样式</a></li>
<li><a id="ctl03_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/01/04/1639094.html">支持勾选视图</a></li>
<li><a id="ctl03_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2009/12/12/1622331.html">用户权限模块设计</a></li>
<li><a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl00_DayItem_DayList_ctl01_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/01/07/1641388.html">使用CSLA类库实现用户管理</a></li>
<li><a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl00_DayItem_DayList_ctl00_TitleUrl" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/01/07/1641502.html">功能权限</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/01/19/1643900.html">数据权限</a></li>
</ol>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><b>欢迎转载，转载请注明：转载自<a href="http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/">周金根</a> [ <a href="http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/">http://zhoujg.cnblogs.com/</a> ]</b></p><img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/aggbug/1661408.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p>评论: 9　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/02/1661408.html#pagedcomment" target="_blank">查看评论</a>　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujg/archive/2010/02/02/1661408.html#commentform" target="_blank">发表评论</a></p><hr/><p>最新新闻：<br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56826/" target="_blank">YouTube模式遭嫌弃 Hulu模式成视频行业新宠</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:52)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56825/" target="_blank">奇虎360推免费杀毒 周鸿祎用“零门槛”留用户</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:44)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56819/" target="_blank">Yahoo脑震荡 关闭服务十个之多</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56824/" target="_blank">2003年微软遭遇iTunes：我们彻底晕头转向了</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 12:06)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56823/" target="_blank">百度数据能被“作弊”软件篡改？百度:追究侵权</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-10 11:52)</span><br/></p><p>编辑推荐：<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56812/" target="_blank">Google社会化产品Buzz发布会实录</a><br/></p><p>网站导航：<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">博客园首页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/" target="_blank">个人主页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">新闻</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/ing/" target="_blank">闪存</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/group/" target="_blank">小组</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com/q/" target="_blank">博问</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">社区</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://kb.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">知识库</a></p>]]></description></item></channel></rss>