链表之链式存储

优点:

1 空间存储方便,现用现申请

2 插入删除,只针对单一数据,不需要移动大量数据

缺点:

1 读取,插入,删除慢,需要从头查找,时间复杂度均为O(n)

 

数据结构声明

typedef struct Node{
    int data;
    struct Node * next;
}Node;

int main(){
  ...
  Node *p = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
  p->data = 1; 
  ...    
}

链表读取指定位置的元素

void getNode(Node *L,int n,Node *tar){
    int i=1;
    Node *p;
    p=L->next;
    while(p && i<n){
        p=p->next;
        i++;
    }
    if(!p || i>n)
        printf("error!");
    tar->data=p->data;
}

链表整表的删除

链表不能直接删除头结点,此时元素节点仍在使用中。

void clearList(Node *L){
    Node *p,*q;
    p=L->next;
    while(p){
        q=p->next;
        free(p);
        p=q;
    }
    L->next=NULL;
}

链表在指定位置插入节点

int insertNode(Node *L,int n,int num){
    int i=1;
    Node *p = L->next;
    while( p && i<n-1){
        p=p->next;
        i++;
    }
    if(!p || i>n-1)
        return 0;
    Node *q = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
    q->data = num;
    q->next = p->next;
    p->next = q;
    return 1;
}

链表删除指定位置的节点

int deleteNode(Node *L,int n){
    int i=1;
    Node *p = L->next;
    Node *q;
    while( p->next && i<n-1){
        p=p->next;
        i++;
    }
    if( !(p->next) || i>n-1)
        return 0;
    q=p->next;
    p->next = q->next;
    free(q);
    return 1;
}

完整的示例代码

  1 #include <stdio.h>
  2 #include <stdlib.h>
  3 
  4 typedef struct Node{
  5     int data;
  6     struct Node * next;
  7 }Node;
  8 
  9 void createList(Node * L,int len);
 10 void showList(Node *L);
 11 void clearList(Node *L);
 12 void getNode(Node *L,int n,Node *tar);
 13 int insertNode(Node *L,int n,int num);
 14 int deleteNode(Node *L,int n);
 15 
 16 int main()
 17 {
 18     Node *L= (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
 19 
 20     createList(L,5);
 21     showList(L);
 22 
 23     Node *tar= (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
 24     getNode(L,3,tar);
 25     printf("the third is:%d\n",tar->data);
 26 
 27     if(insertNode(L,3,0))
 28         showList(L);
 29 
 30     if(deleteNode(L,3))
 31         showList(L);
 32 
 33     clearList(L);
 34     showList(L);
 35 
 36     return 0;
 37 }
 38 
 39 void createList(Node * L,int len){
 40     int i;
 41     Node * p;
 42     L->next = NULL;
 43     for(i=0;i<len;i++){
 44         p = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
 45         p->data = 2*i+1;
 46         p->next = L->next;
 47         L->next = p;
 48     }
 49 }
 50 
 51 void showList(Node *L){
 52     Node *p = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
 53     p=L->next;
 54     while(p){
 55         printf("%d->",p->data);
 56         p=p->next;
 57     }
 58     printf("null\n");
 59     free(p);
 60 }
 61 
 62 void clearList(Node *L){
 63     Node *p,*q;
 64     p=L->next;
 65     while(p){
 66         q=p->next;
 67         free(p);
 68         p=q;
 69     }
 70     L->next=NULL;
 71 }
 72 
 73 void getNode(Node *L,int n,Node *tar){
 74     int i=1;
 75     Node *p;
 76     p=L->next;
 77     while(p && i<n){
 78         p=p->next;
 79         i++;
 80     }
 81     if(!p || i>n)
 82         printf("error!");
 83     tar->data=p->data;
 84 }
 85 
 86 int insertNode(Node *L,int n,int num){
 87     int i=1;
 88     Node *p = L->next;
 89     while( p && i<n-1){
 90         p=p->next;
 91         i++;
 92     }
 93     if(!p || i>n-1)
 94         return 0;
 95     Node *q = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
 96     q->data = num;
 97     q->next = p->next;
 98     p->next = q;
 99     return 1;
100 }
101 
102 int deleteNode(Node *L,int n){
103     int i=1;
104     Node *p = L->next;
105     Node *q;
106     while( p->next && i<n-1){
107         p=p->next;
108         i++;
109     }
110     if( !(p->next) || i>n-1)
111         return 0;
112     q=p->next;
113     p->next = q->next;
114     free(q);
115     return 1;
116 }

运行结果

posted @ 2014-01-26 16:00  xingoo  阅读(521)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报