python 字符串特点

除了数值,Python可以操作字符串,它可以表现在以下几个方面。包含在单引号或双引号:

>>> 'spam eggs'
'spam eggs'
>>> 'doesn\'t'
"doesn't"
>>> "doesn't"
"doesn't"
>>> '"Yes," he said.'
'"Yes," he said.'
>>> "\"Yes,\" he said."
'"Yes," he said.'
>>> '"Isn\'t," she said.'
'"Isn\'t," she said.'

字符串可以写多行。可以用\n表示,下一行是一个合乎逻辑的延续行,最后一个字符用反斜杠:

hello = "This is a rather long string containing\n\
several lines of text just as you would do in C.\n\
   Note that whitespace at the beginning of the line is\
significant."

print hello

字符串可以被包围在一对三重引号里面:

print """
Usage: thingy [OPTIONS]
    -h                        Display this usage message
    -H hostname               Hostname to connect to
"""

字符串可以被连接在一起,用“+”运算符,重复*:

>>> word = 'Help' + 'A'
>>> word
'HelpA'
>>> '<' + word*5 + '>'
'<HelpAHelpAHelpAHelpAHelpA>'

两个彼此相邻的字符串文字自动连接:

>>> 'str' 'ing'                   #  <-  This is ok
'string'
>>> 'str'.strip() + 'ing'   #  <-  This is ok
'string'
>>> 'str'.strip() 'ing'     #  <-  This is invalid
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
   'str'.strip() 'ing'
                     ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

注意:word字符串的内容是: “HelpA”  可以是下标(索引)和C一样,字符串的第一个字符下标(索引)0。可以指定的子串切片标志来表示:两个指数由冒号分隔。

>>> word[4]
'A'
>>> word[0:2]
'He'
>>> word[2:4]
'lp'

切片索引可以使用默认值;前一个索引默认为零,第二个索引默认被切片的字符串的大小。

>>> word[:2]    # The first two characters
'He'
>>> word[2:]    # Everything except the first two characters
'lpA'

和C字符串不同,Python字符串不能改变。想修改指定索引位置的字符串会导致错误:

>>> word[0] = 'x'
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
TypeError: object doesn't support item assignment
>>> word[:1] = 'Splat'
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
TypeError: object doesn't support slice assignment

然而,创建一个新的字符串是简单而有效的:

>>> 'x' + word[1:]
'xelpA'
>>> 'Splat' + word[4]
'SplatA'

这里是一个有用的切片操作:[:]+[:]等于。

>>> word[:2] + word[2:]
'HelpA'
>>> word[:3] + word[3:]
'HelpA'

指数可以是负数,从右边开始计数。例如:

>>> word[-1]     # The last character
'A'
>>> word[-2]     # The last-but-one character
'p'
>>> word[-2:]    # The last two characters
'pA'
>>> word[:-2]    # Everything except the last two characters
'Hel'
posted @ 2013-05-04 09:46  老王python  阅读(755)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报