python SendMail 发送邮件
最近在学习python 时，用到了发送邮件的操作，通过整理总结如下：
一、相关模块介绍
发送邮件主要用到了smtplib和email两个模块，这里首先就两个模块进行一下简单的介绍：
smtplib模块
smtplib.SMTP([host[, port[, local_hostname[, timeout]]]])
SMTP类构造函数，表示与SMTP服务器之间的连接，通过这个连接可以向smtp服务器发送指令，执行相关操作（如：登陆、发送邮件）。所有参数都是可选的。
host：smtp服务器主机名
port：smtp服务的端口，默认是25；如果在创建SMTP对象的时候提供了这两个参数，在初始化的时候会自动调用connect方法去连接服务器。
smtplib模块还提供了SMTP_SSL类和LMTP类，对它们的操作与SMTP基本一致。
smtplib.SMTP提供的方法：
SMTP.set_debuglevel(level)：设置是否为调试模式。默认为False，即非调试模式，表示不输出任何调试信息。
SMTP.connect([host[, port]])：连接到指定的smtp服务器。参数分别表示smpt主机和端口。注意: 也可以在host参数中指定端口号（如：smpt.yeah.net:25），这样就没必要给出port参数。
SMTP.docmd(cmd[, argstring])：向smtp服务器发送指令。可选参数argstring表示指令的参数。
SMTP.helo([hostname]) ：使用"helo"指令向服务器确认身份。相当于告诉smtp服务器“我是谁”。
SMTP.has_extn(name)：判断指定名称在服务器邮件列表中是否存在。出于安全考虑，smtp服务器往往屏蔽了该指令。
SMTP.verify(address) ：判断指定邮件地址是否在服务器中存在。出于安全考虑，smtp服务器往往屏蔽了该指令。
SMTP.login(user, password) ：登陆到smtp服务器。现在几乎所有的smtp服务器，都必须在验证用户信息合法之后才允许发送邮件。
SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options]) ：发送邮件。这里要注意一下第三个参数，msg是字符串，表示邮件。我们知道邮件一般由标题，发信人，收件人，邮件内容，
附件等构成，发送邮件的时候，要注意msg的格式。这个格式就是smtp协议中定义的格式。
SMTP.quit() ：断开与smtp服务器的连接，相当于发送"quit"指令。（很多程序中都用到了smtp.close()，具体与quit的区别google了一下，也没找到答案。）
email模块
emial模块用来处理邮件消息，包括MIME和其他基于RFC 2822 的消息文档。使用这些模块来定义邮件的内容，是非常简单的。其包括的类有（更加详细的介绍可见：http://docs.python.org/library/email.mime.html）：
class email.mime.base.MIMEBase(_maintype, _subtype, **_params)：这是MIME的一个基类。一般不需要在使用时创建实例。其中_maintype是内容类型，如text或者image。
_subtype是内容的minor type 类型，如plain或者gif。 **_params是一个字典，直接传递给Message.add_header()。
class email.mime.multipart.MIMEMultipart([_subtype[, boundary[, _subparts[, _params]]]]：MIMEBase的一个子类，多个MIME对象的集合，_subtype默认值为mixed。boundary是MIMEMultipart的边界，默认边界是可数的。
class email.mime.application.MIMEApplication(_data[, _subtype[, _encoder[, **_params]]])：MIMEMultipart的一个子类。
class email.mime.audio. MIMEAudio(_audiodata[, _subtype[, _encoder[, **_params]]])： MIME音频对象
class email.mime.image.MIMEImage(_imagedata[, _subtype[, _encoder[, **_params]]])：MIME二进制文件对象。
二、普通文本邮件
普通文本邮件发送的实现，关键是要将MIMEText中_subtype设置为plain，首先导入smtplib和mimetext，创建smtplib.smtp实例，connect邮件smtp服务器，login后发送，具体代码如下：（python2.7下实现）
具体代码如下：
二、html邮件的发送
与text邮件不同之处就是将将MIMEText中_subtype设置为html。具体代码如下：（python2.7下实现）
三、发送带附件的邮件
发送带附件的邮件，首先要创建MIMEMultipart()实例，然后构造附件，如果有多个附件，可依次构造，最后利用smtplib.smtp发送。
def SendMailAttach(self, mail_tolist, mail_subject, mail_body, fileList, mail_cclist): ''' 发送带附件的邮件 :param mail_tolist: 接收者邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com'] :param mail_subject: 邮件主题 :param mail_body: 邮件体主题内容 :param fileList: 附件列表，就文件名列表（包含路径） :param mail_cclist: 抄送邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']，默认不传 :param mail_bcclist: 密送邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']，默认不传 :return: ''' msg = MIMEMultipart() message = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8') msg.attach(message) # 构造附件 for f in fileList: if os.path.isfile(f): att = MIMEText(open(f, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8') att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment;filename=' + os.path.basename(f) msg.attach(att) msg['Subject'] = mail_subject msg['From'] = self.mail_sender msg['To'] = ",".join(mail_tolist) if len(mail_cclist) > 0: msg['Cc'] = ",".join(mail_cclist) mail_tolist.extend(mail_cclist) # if len(mail_bcclist) > 0: # msg['Bcc'] = ",".join(mail_bcclist) # mail_tolist.extend(mail_bcclist) message = '' try: server = smtplib.SMTP() server.connect(self.mail_host) server.login(self.mail_user, self.mail_pass) server.sendmail(self.mail_sender, mail_tolist, msg.as_string()) server.close() result = '邮件发送成功' except smtplib.SMTPException as e: # print "Error: 无法发送邮件", e message = 'Error: 无法发送邮件:' return message
四、完整的代码如
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import os import smtplib import time from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.image import MIMEImage import mail_setting class Mail: ''' self.mail_host = "smtp.sina.com" # 设置服务器 self.mail_user = "xiaowang" # 用户名 self.mail_pass = "XXXXX" # 口令 self.mail_sender = 'xiaowang@sina.com' # 发送者 ''' def __init__(self, mail_host="210.77.136.200", mail_user="user", mail_pass="pass", mail_sender="da山<das@ctrchina.cn>", port=465): # 第三方 SMTP 服务 self.mail_host = mail_host self.mail_user = mail_user self.mail_pass = mail_pass self.mail_sender = mail_sender self.port = port def SendHtmlMail(self, mail_tolist, mail_subject, mail_body, fileList, mail_cclist, mail_bcclist): ''' 发送Html邮件 :param mail_tolist: 接收者邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com'] :param mail_subject: 邮件主题 :param mail_body: 邮件体主题内容 :param fileList: 附件列表，就文件名列表（包含路径） :param mail_cclist: 抄送邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']，默认不传 :param mail_bcclist: 密送邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']，默认不传 :return: ''' message = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype='html', _charset='gb2312') message['Subject'] = mail_subject message['From'] = self.mail_sender if len(mail_cclist) > 0: message['Cc'] = ",".join(mail_cclist) mail_tolist.extend(mail_cclist) if len(mail_bcclist) > 0: message['Bcc'] = ",".join(mail_bcclist) mail_tolist.extend(mail_bcclist) try: smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP(self.mail_host, self.port) # smtpObj.connect(self.mail_host, 25) # 25 为 SMTP 端口号 # smtpObj.login(self.mail_user, self.mail_pass) smtpObj.sendmail(self.mail_sender, mail_tolist, message.as_string()) smtpObj.close() print("邮件发送成功") except smtplib.SMTPException as e: print("Error: 无法发送邮件") def SendMailAttach(self, mail_tolist, mail_subject, mail_body, fileList, mail_cclist): ''' 发送带附件的邮件 :param mail_tolist: 接收者邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com'] :param mail_subject: 邮件主题 :param mail_body: 邮件体主题内容 :param fileList: 附件列表，就文件名列表（包含路径） :param mail_cclist: 抄送邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']，默认不传 :param mail_bcclist: 密送邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']，默认不传 :return: ''' msg = MIMEMultipart() message = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8') msg.attach(message) # 构造附件 for f in fileList: if os.path.isfile(f): att = MIMEText(open(f, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8') att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment;filename=' + os.path.basename(f) msg.attach(att) msg['Subject'] = mail_subject msg['From'] = self.mail_sender msg['To'] = ",".join(mail_tolist) if len(mail_cclist) > 0: msg['Cc'] = ",".join(mail_cclist) mail_tolist.extend(mail_cclist) # if len(mail_bcclist) > 0: # msg['Bcc'] = ",".join(mail_bcclist) # mail_tolist.extend(mail_bcclist) message = '' try: server = smtplib.SMTP() server.connect(self.mail_host) server.login(self.mail_user, self.mail_pass) server.sendmail(self.mail_sender, mail_tolist, msg.as_string()) server.close() result = '邮件发送成功' except smtplib.SMTPException as e: # print "Error: 无法发送邮件", e message = 'Error: 无法发送邮件:' return message def SendMail(self, mail_subject, mail_body, mail_tolist,mail_cclist): ''' 发送普通邮件 :param mail_tolist: 接收者邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com'] :param mail_subject: 邮件主题 :param mail_body: 邮件体主题内容 :param fileList: 附件列表，就文件名列表（包含路径） :param mail_cclist: 抄送邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']，默认不传 :param mail_bcclist: 密送邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']，默认不传 :return: ''' message = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8') message['Subject'] = mail_subject message['From'] = self.mail_sender if mail_tolist: message['To'] = ",".join(mail_tolist) if len(mail_cclist) > 0: message['Cc'] = ",".join(mail_cclist) mail_tolist.extend(mail_cclist) result = '' try: server = smtplib.SMTP() server.connect(self.mail_host) server.login(self.mail_user,self.mail_pass) server.sendmail(self.mail_sender, mail_tolist, message.as_string()) server.close() result = '邮件发送成功' # print "邮件发送成功" except smtplib.SMTPException as e: result = 'Error: 无法发送邮件' return result def test(self,mail_body,mail_subject,mail_sendto_user,fileName): fileList = [] fileList.append(fileName) mail_tolist = [] mail_tolist.append(mail_sendto_user) # 多个人，中间用逗号分隔 # cc_tolist = ['xx<aa@CTRCHINA.CN>','dd<dd@CTRCHINA.CN>'] cc_tolist =[] mail_bcclist = [] # result = self.SendMail( mail_subject, mail_body, mail_tolist,cc_tolist) result = self.SendMailAttach(mail_tolist,mail_subject, mail_body,fileList, cc_tolist) return result setobj = mail_setting.mail_setting() m = Mail(setobj.mail_host,setobj.mail_user,setobj.mail_pass,setobj.mail_send_user,setobj.port) # result = m.test('信息1',u'小测试测试',setobj.mail_receive_user) fileName="D:\\work\\python36_crawl\\src\\2018-07-02-14-01-55.csv" result = m.test('信息1',u'小测试测试',setobj.mail_receive_user,fileName) print (result)
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # 配置文件类 class mail_setting: def __init__(self): #由于机器端口控制，目前只能用公司邮箱 # 邮件端口 # self.port = 465 self.port = 465 # 邮件服务器地址 self.mail_host = '210.77.136.200' # 接收人邮件地址（需要修改）改成你自己的，发送人和接收人可以用一个地址 self.mail_receive_user = '360648011@qq.com' # self.mail_receive_user = 'shaodd@sina.com' # 发送人邮件地址（需要修改）改成你自己的， self.mail_send_user='user@ctrchina.cn' #邮件登录用户名 （需要修改） self.mail_user = 'user' # 登录用密码（需要修改） self.mail_pass = "password"
另一例子
from email import encoders from email.header import Header from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.utils import parseaddr,formataddr import smtplib import os # 最终结果通过Email发送 def _format_addr(s): name, addr = parseaddr(s) return formataddr((Header(name,'utf-8').encode(),addr)) def Me_email(from_addr,password,to_addr,smtp_server,title,mail_body,fileList): # msg = MIMEText('%s' % (result),'plain','utf-8') # 邮件显示内容 msg = MIMEMultipart() message = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8') msg.attach(message) msg['From'] = _format_addr('ICTR <%s>' % from_addr) # 邮件发送人 # msg['To'] = _format_addr('管理员 <%s>' % to_addr) msg['To']="289061792@qq.com,334028056@qq.com" msg['Cc'] = "aaa1@ctrchina.cn" # msg['To'] = _format_addr('360648056@qq.com') msg['Subject'] = Header('%s' % (title),'utf-8').encode() # 邮件title for f in fileList: if os.path.isfile(f): att = MIMEText(open(f, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8') att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment;filename=' + os.path.basename(f) msg.attach(att) server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server,587) server.set_debuglevel(1) server.login(from_addr,password) # server.sendmail(from_addr,[to_addr,'289061791@qq.com','360648056@qq.com'],msg.as_string()) lst ="shaoks@ctrchina.cn,289061791@qq.com,360648056@qq.com".split(',') server.sendmail(from_addr, lst, msg.as_string()) server.quit() # for f in fileList: # if os.path.isfile(f): # att = MIMEText(open(f, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8') # att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' # att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment;filename=' + os.path.basename(f) # msg.attach(att) # 输入Email地址和口令 from_addr = 'xx@ctrchina.CN' # 发送邮件的邮箱账号 password = '@8ddr' # 发送邮件的邮箱密码,无需提供 to_addr = 'shaoks@ctrchina.cn' # 接收邮件的邮箱账号 smtp_server = '211.71.136.200' # 发送邮件邮箱的STMP服务器地址 title = '金融时报和第一财经日报今天数据' mail_body = '问好：\n\n 附件是金融时报和第一财经日报今天的采集数据\n\n 有问题，请及时联系，谢谢。' fileList = [] fileName = "E:\\News\\2018-09-28.csv" fileList.append(fileName) fileName = "E:\\News\\2018-09-29.csv" fileList.append(fileName) Me_email(from_addr,password,to_addr,smtp_server,title,mail_body,fileList)
from email import encoders from email.header import Header from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.utils import parseaddr,formataddr import smtplib import datetime import os import mail_setting class Mail: def __init__(self): pass def init(self): setobj = mail_setting.mail_setting() # 邮件服务器IP self.mail_host = setobj.mail_host # 邮件服务器端口:587 self.port = setobj.mail_port # 发送人 self.mail_send = setobj.mail_send # 邮件发送人登录密码 self.mail_pass = setobj.mail_pass # 介绍人，多个以逗号分隔 self.mail_receive = str(setobj.mail_receive) # 抄送，多个以逗号分隔 self.mail_chao = str(setobj.mail_chao) # 邮件主题内容 self.mail_subject = setobj.mail_subject # 邮件体内容 self.mail_body = setobj.mail_body # 发送的附件路径 self.attachmentFileDir = setobj.attachmentFileDir # 最终结果通过Email发送 def _format_addr(self, s): name, addr = parseaddr(s) return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr)) def Me_email(self, from_addr, password, to_addr, to_chao, smtp_server, title, mail_body, fileList): # msg = MIMEText('%s' % (result),'plain','utf-8') # 邮件显示内容 msg = MIMEMultipart() message = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8') msg.attach(message) msg['From'] = self._format_addr('ICTR <%s>' % from_addr) # 邮件发送人 # msg['To'] = _format_addr('管理员 <%s>' % to_addr) msg['To'] = to_addr if to_chao: msg['Cc'] = to_chao msg['Subject'] = Header('%s' % (title), 'utf-8').encode() # 邮件title for f in fileList: if os.path.isfile(f): att = MIMEText(open(f, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8') att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' att.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=('gbk', '', os.path.basename(f))) msg.attach(att) server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 587) # server.set_debuglevel(1) server.login(from_addr, password) # server.sendmail(from_addr,[to_addr,'22906172@qq.com','333348056@qq.com'],msg.as_string()) lst = "xx@ctrchina.cn,22906172@qq.com,333348056@qq.com".split(',') server.sendmail(from_addr, lst, msg.as_string()) server.quit() def SendMail(self, mail_tolist, mail_cclist, fileList): ''' 发送邮件 :param mail_tolist: 接收者邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com'] :param mail_cclist: 抄送列表，同上 :param fileList: 文件列表，同上 ''' try: msg = MIMEMultipart() message = MIMEText(self.mail_body, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8') msg.attach(message) msg['Subject'] = self.mail_subject msg['From'] = self._format_addr('ICTR <%s>' % self.mail_send) if mail_tolist: msg['To'] = ",".join(mail_tolist) if len(mail_cclist) > 0: msg['Cc'] = ",".join(mail_cclist) mail_tolist.extend(mail_cclist) if fileList: for f in fileList: if os.path.isfile(f): att = MIMEText(open(f, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8') att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' att.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=('gbk', '', os.path.basename(f))) msg.attach(att) server = smtplib.SMTP(self.mail_host, self.port) # 调试状态设置 # server.set_debuglevel(1) server.login(self.mail_send, self.mail_pass) server.sendmail(self.mail_send, mail_tolist, msg.as_string()) server.quit() except smtplib.SMTPException as e: print("Error: 无法发送邮件") def test(self): self.init() fileList = [] dt = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d") fileName = '金融时报_' + dt + '.csv' fileName = os.path.join(self.attachmentFileDir, fileName) if os.path.exists(fileName): fileList.append(fileName) fileName = '第一财经日报_' + dt + '.csv' fileName = os.path.join(self.attachmentFileDir, fileName) if os.path.exists(fileName): fileList.append(fileName) # 如果没有附件就不发邮件 if fileList: mail_tolist = [] if self.mail_receive.find(",") > 0: users = self.mail_receive.split(",") for user in users: mail_tolist.append(user) else: mail_tolist.append(self.mail_receive) mail_cclist = [] if self.mail_chao: if self.mail_chao.find(",") > 0: users = self.mail_chao.split(",") for user in users: mail_cclist.append(user) else: mail_cclist.append(self.mail_chao) self.SendMail(mail_tolist, mail_cclist, fileList)
