parted命令
fdisk命令是针对MBR分区进行操作，MBR分区因为自身设计原因，不能处理大于2TB的硬盘，并且只能有4个分区。
针对大于2TB的硬盘，需要采用GPT分区，使用parted命令进行操作
parted命令使用
| print [free|all | NUMBER] | 查看分区状态信息 |
| mkpart PART-TYPE START END |
创建新分区， PART-TYPE: primary extended logical START, END 开始，结束为止 |
| set NUMBER FLAG STATE |
对编号为NUMBER的进行标记。 FLAG: boot 引导， hidden 隐藏， raid 软raid， lvm 逻辑卷， STATE: on| off |
| mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE | 对NUMBER指定文件系统。FS-Type有：ext2、fat16、fat32、linuxswap、NTFS、reiserfs、ufs 等 |
| cp [FROM-DEV] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER | 将分区 FROM-NUMBER 上的文件系统完整地复制到分区TO-NUMBER 中，作为可选项还可以指定一个来源硬盘的设备名称FROM-DEVICE，若省略则在当前设备上进行复制。 |
| move NUMBER START END |
将指定编号 NUMBER 的分区移动到从 START 开始 END 结束的位置上。注意：（1）只能将分区移动到空闲空间中。（2）虽然分区被移动了，但它的分区编号是不会改变的 |
| resize NUMBER START END |
对指定编号 NUMBER 的分区调整大小。分区的开始位置和结束位置由 START 和 END 决定 |
| check NUMBER |
检查指定编号 NUMBER 分区中的文件系统是否有什么错误 |
| rescue START END | rescue START END |
| mklabel,mktable LABELTYPE | 创建一个新的 LABEL-TYPE 类型的空磁盘分区表，对于PC而言 msdos 是常用的 LABELTYPE。 若是用 GUID 分区表，LABEL-TYPE 应该为 gpt |
实例：
1. 对/dev/sdb分区进行操作
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb GNU Parted 3.1 Using /dev/sdb Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
2. 制定磁盘格式为gpt (parted) mklabel New disk label type? gpt
3. 查看磁盘分区信息 (parted) print Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
4. 制作分区 (parted) mkpart Partition name? []? d1 File system type? [ext2]? ext4 Start? 0 End? 512M Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance. #注意这个警告。采用这种方式分区只是测试，后边又把相关分区删除了。 Ignore/Cancel? i
5. 查看新增分区后的状态 (parted) prin Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 17.4kB 512MB 512MB d1
6. 删除分区1（Number号） (parted) rm 1
7. 新增分区 primary 分区，起始2048sector ，结束磁盘大小的50% (parted) mkpart primary 2048s 50% (parted) print Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 537MB 536MB primary
8. 新增另一个分区，primary分区，起始磁盘的50%，结束100%大小。 (parted) mkpart primary 50% 100%
(parted) p Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 537MB 536MB primary 2 537MB 1073MB 536MB primary
9. 退出parted (parted) q Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
10. fdisk查看磁盘状态。能够发现新增磁盘分区状态。 [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000c0b7f Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 20458496 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-root: 18.8 GB, 18798870528 bytes, 36716544 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion. Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: gpt # Start End Size Type Name 1 2048 1048575 511M Microsoft basic primary 2 1048576 2095103 511M Microsoft basic primary 11. 新增完成后，建议重新格式化分区。 [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 131072 inodes, 523264 blocks 26163 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=34078720 64 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2048 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2 mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 131072 inodes, 523264 blocks 26163 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=34078720 64 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2048 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
12. 修改/etc/fstab实现自动挂载
建议使用UUID进行挂在
blkid /dev/sdb1 (或者blkid)
/dev/sdb1: UUID="bc95b330-5eb9-4b68-9f9f-71c52247a1b4" TYPE="ext4"
修改/etc/fstab
UUID=bc95b330-5eb9-4b68-9f9f-71c52247a1b4 /opt ext4 defaults 0 0
