C#文件同步工具教程
我要介绍一下，用C#中FileSystemWatcher作文件监测同步更新两个不同目录中文件的小工具(A目录中的1.txt发生改变时，B目录中的1.txt也会自动改变以达到与A中的更新到相同的版本)，让更多的编程爱好者能更快的入门，达到多学多练提高自身水平，当然，我不是牛人，还有很多不足之处，请指正(声明：代码中有很多待改进的地方，因多种原因，我没有改,完整的代码和一些资源，请到我的blog来下载http://blog.csdn.net/metababy)。
项目文件压缩包下载地址:
https://files.cnblogs.com/meta/文件同步工具.rar
用FileSystemWatcher在MSDN里搜，找到URL为ms-help://MS.VSCC.2003/MS.MSDNQTR.2003FEB.2052/cpref/html/frlrfsystemiofilesystemwatc
herclassctortopic.htm的页面，在此页的示例里复制出这个代码片断“ // Create a new FileSystemWatcher and set its properties.
FileSystemWatcher watcher = new FileSystemWatcher();
watcher.Path = args[1];
/* Watch for changes in LastAccess and LastWrite times, and
the renaming of files or directories. */
watcher.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.LastAccess | NotifyFilters.LastWrite
| NotifyFilters.FileName | NotifyFilters.DirectoryName;
// Only watch text files.
watcher.Filter = "*.txt";
// Add event handlers.
watcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
watcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
watcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
watcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(OnRenamed);
// Begin watching.
watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
// Wait for the user to quit the program.
Console.WriteLine("Press \'q\' to quit the sample.");
while(Console.Read()!='q');
}
// Define the event handlers.
private static void OnChanged(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e)
{
// Specify what is done when a file is changed, created, or deleted.
Console.WriteLine("File: " + e.FullPath + " " + e.ChangeType);
}
private static void OnRenamed(object source, RenamedEventArgs e)
{
// Specify what is done when a file is renamed.
Console.WriteLine("File: {0} renamed to {1}", e.OldFullPath, e.FullPath);
}
}
”
=================
从工具箱里拖FolderBrowserDialog到Form1，在窗口底部会出现folderBrowserDialog1,保持其当前状态，按F1,并在出现的页面上点击“Folde
rBrowserDialog构造函数，就会找到URL为ms-help://MS.VSCC.2003/MS.MSDNQTR.2003FEB.2052/cpref/html/frlrfsystemwindowsformsfolderb
rowserdialogclassctortopic.htm的页面，在此页的末尾的地方有这样的代码片断“
// Close the current file.
private void closeMenuItem_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
richTextBox1.Text = "";
fileOpened = false;
closeMenuItem.Enabled = false;
}
// Bring up a dialog to chose a folder path in which to open or save a file.
private void folderMenuItem_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
// Show the FolderBrowserDialog.
DialogResult result = folderBrowserDialog1.ShowDialog();
if( result == DialogResult.OK )
{
folderName = folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath;
if(!fileOpened)
{
// No file is opened, bring up openFileDialog in selected path.
openFileDialog1.InitialDirectory = folderName;
openFileDialog1.FileName = null;
openMenuItem.PerformClick();
}
}
}
}
”
新建C#项目，选“windows应用程序”,从工具箱拖Label到Form1,在属性栏设置其location为20,20; size为70,23; 将Text改为“源目录”。再
拖TextBox到Form1，设置其location为16,60; size为200,21; 将Text删除为空。
再拖Button到Form1,设置其location为230,60; size为63,23; 将Text改为“浏览”。
像上面一样，再在适当的位置添加“目标目录”label(location:20,104 size:80,23 text:目标目录)和textbox(location:24,152
size:260,21 text:空，及“开始监测”button(location:130，192 size:80,23 text:开始监测)和另一个button-“浏览”
各组件属性列表如下：
name:label1 location:20,20 size:70,23 text:“源目录”
name:textbox1 location:16,60 size:200,21 text:为空
name:button1 location:230,60 size:63,23 text:“浏览”
name:label2 location:20,104 size:80,23 text:“目标目录”
name:textbox2 location:24,152 size:260,21 text:为空
name:button2 location:130,192 size:80,23 text:“开始监测”
name:button3 location:232,152 size:60,23 text:“浏览”
此时form1看起来像这样(图1):
在form1的设计介面上双击button1,转到代码窗口。
在光标闪烁的位置填入前面介绍的从MSDN上选取读目录的代码，button1的双击处理方法现在像这样
private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
DialogResult result = folderBrowserDialog1.ShowDialog();
if( result == DialogResult.OK )
textBox1.Text = folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath;
}
转到form1的设计介面，双击button3,将button3的双击处理方法改为这样：
private void button3_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
DialogResult result = folderBrowserDialog1.ShowDialog();
if( result == DialogResult.OK )
textBox2.Text = folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath;
}
在button2的处理方法里加入监测代码，完成后的代码，如下：
private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
FileSystemWatcher watcher = new FileSystemWatcher();
watcher.Path = textBox1.Text; //监测目录改为textbox1.text
/* 此代码片断是MSDN里找的，前面介绍过的 */
watcher.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.LastAccess | NotifyFilters.LastWrite
| NotifyFilters.FileName | NotifyFilters.DirectoryName;
// Only watch text files.
watcher.Filter = "";
// Add event handlers.
watcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
watcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
watcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnDeleted);
watcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(OnRenamed);
// Begin watching.
watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
}
注意在代码最前面加入
using System.IO;
using System.Diagnostics;
这两个名称空间。
在button3的处理方法后，再加入三个方法，代码如下：
private void OnChanged(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e)
{
// Specify what is done when a file is changed, created, or deleted.
File.Copy(this.textBox1.Text+"\\"+e.Name,this.textBox2.Text+"\\"+e.Name,true);
}
private void OnRenamed(object source, RenamedEventArgs e)
{
// Specify what is done when a file is renamed.
File.Copy(this.textBox1.Text+"\\"+e.Name,this.textBox2.Text+"\\"+e.Name,true);
}
private void OnDeleted(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e)
{
File.Delete(this.textBox2.Text+"\\"+e.Name);
}
完整的代码和一些资源，请到我的blog来下载http://blog.csdn.net/metababy
另：这个工具，很简单，没有加入处理异常的代码，也没有处理当前目录下的子目录的功能，这些，你可以自己找帮助看MSDN加入。
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.IO;
using System.Diagnostics;
namespace 文件同步工具
{
/// <summary>
/// Form1 的摘要说明。
/// </summary>
public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox2;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2;
private System.Windows.Forms.FolderBrowserDialog folderBrowserDialog1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button button3;
/// <summary>
/// 必需的设计器变量。
/// </summary>
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
public Form1()
{
//
// Windows 窗体设计器支持所必需的
//
InitializeComponent();
//
// TODO: 在 InitializeComponent 调用后添加任何构造函数代码
//
}
/// <summary>
/// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
/// </summary>
protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
{
if( disposing )
{
if (components != null)
{
components.Dispose();
}
}
base.Dispose( disposing );
}
#region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码
/// <summary>
/// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要使用代码编辑器修改
/// 此方法的内容。
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.textBox2 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.folderBrowserDialog1 = new System.Windows.Forms.FolderBrowserDialog();
this.button3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// label1
//
this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(20, 20);
this.label1.Name = "label1";
this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(70, 23);
this.label1.TabIndex = 0;
this.label1.Text = "源目录";
//
// textBox1
//
this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 60);
this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(200, 21);
this.textBox1.TabIndex = 1;
this.textBox1.Text = "";
//
// button1
//
this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(230, 60);
this.button1.Name = "button1";
this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(63, 23);
this.button1.TabIndex = 2;
this.button1.Text = "浏览";
this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
//
// label2
//
this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(20, 104);
this.label2.Name = "label2";
this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(80, 23);
this.label2.TabIndex = 3;
this.label2.Text = "目标目录";
//
// textBox2
//
this.textBox2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(24, 152);
this.textBox2.Name = "textBox2";
this.textBox2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(200, 21);
this.textBox2.TabIndex = 4;
this.textBox2.Text = "";
//
// button2
//
this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(130, 192);
this.button2.Name = "button2";
this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(80, 23);
this.button2.TabIndex = 5;
this.button2.Text = "开始监测";
this.button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button2_Click);
//
// button3
//
this.button3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(232, 152);
this.button3.Name = "button3";
this.button3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(60, 23);
this.button3.TabIndex = 6;
this.button3.Text = "浏览";
this.button3.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button3_Click_1);
//
// Form1
//
this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(292, 273);
this.Controls.Add(this.button3);
this.Controls.Add(this.button2);
this.Controls.Add(this.textBox2);
this.Controls.Add(this.label2);
this.Controls.Add(this.button1);
this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1);
this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
this.Name = "Form1";
this.Text = "Form1";
this.ResumeLayout(false);
}
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// 应用程序的主入口点。
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new Form1());
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
DialogResult result = folderBrowserDialog1.ShowDialog();
if( result == DialogResult.OK )
textBox1.Text = folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath;
}
private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
FileSystemWatcher watcher = new FileSystemWatcher();
watcher.Path = textBox1.Text; //监测目录改为textbox1.text
/* 此代码片断是MSDN里找的，前面介绍过的 共纯春制作的示范程序，很多问题，没有解决的，更多请到我的blog
来 http://blog.csdn.net/metababy*/
watcher.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.LastAccess | NotifyFilters.LastWrite
| NotifyFilters.FileName | NotifyFilters.DirectoryName;
// Only watch text files.
watcher.Filter = "";
// Add event handlers.
watcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
watcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
watcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnDeleted);
watcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(OnRenamed);
// Begin watching.
watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
}
private void button3_Click_1(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
DialogResult result = folderBrowserDialog1.ShowDialog();
if( result == DialogResult.OK )
textBox2.Text = folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath;
}
private void OnChanged(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e)
{
// Specify what is done when a file is changed, created, or deleted.
File.Copy(this.textBox1.Text+"\\"+e.Name,this.textBox2.Text+"\\"+e.Name,true);
}
private void OnRenamed(object source, RenamedEventArgs e)
{
// Specify what is done when a file is renamed.
File.Copy(this.textBox1.Text+"\\"+e.Name,this.textBox2.Text+"\\"+e.Name,true);
}
private void OnDeleted(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e)
{
File.Delete(this.textBox2.Text+"\\"+e.Name);
}
}
}
