创建Windows服务(C++)

这次我们来创建一个windows本地服务，需要有以下功能：

• 安装服务。
• 卸载服务。
• 手动启动服务。
• 开机自动启动服务。
• 控制服务（停止、暂停、恢复、启动）。

服务概念及介绍

看下图，一切尽在不言中了（-_-）:

安装服务并开机启动

• 代码逻辑： 打开SCM（Service Control Manager）-> 创建服务。

• 在CreateService调用中，我们传入SERVICE_AUTO_START里表明这个服务是开启自启动的，SCM会在开机时调用StartService来启动我们的服务；同时我们传入NULL作为服务开始名称，这样该服务就可以开机启动为系统服务。在调用installService后，我们会调用startService来手动启动服务。

• 这里我用SAFE_CALL简化了错误处理逻辑。

  wstring getExeFullFilename()
  {
      static wchar_t buffer[1024];
  
      SAFE_CALL(GetModuleFileNameW(NULL, buffer, 1024), 0);
      return wstring(buffer);
  }
  
  void installService()
  {
      auto scmHandle = OpenSCManagerW(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_CREATE_SERVICE);
      SAFE_CALL(scmHandle, NULL);
  
      auto serviceHandle = CreateServiceW(scmHandle,
                                          L"lgxZJ::Service",
                                          L"lgxZJ::Service", 
                                          SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS,
                                          SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS,
                                          SERVICE_AUTO_START,
                                          SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL,
                                          getExeFullFilename().c_str(),
                                          NULL, NULL, L"", NULL, L"");
      SAFE_CALL(serviceHandle, NULL);
  
      CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);
      CloseServiceHandle(serviceHandle);
  }
  
  void startService()
  {
      auto scmHandle = OpenSCManagerW(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
      SAFE_CALL(scmHandle, NULL);
  
      auto serviceHandle = OpenServiceW(	scmHandle,
                                          L"lgxZJ::Service",
                                          SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
      SAFE_CALL(serviceHandle, NULL);
  
      SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
      SAFE_CALL(QueryServiceStatus(serviceHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
      if (serviceStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_START && 
          serviceStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_START_PENDING)
          return;
  
      SAFE_CALL(StartServiceW(serviceHandle, 0, NULL), FALSE);
  
      CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);
      CloseServiceHandle(serviceHandle);
  }
  
  #define SAFE_CALL(FuncCall, ErrorCode)                              \
      if (FuncCall == ErrorCode) {			                        \
          cout << #FuncCall " error, code:" << GetLastError()         \
              << " ,line:" << \__LINE__ << "\n"; 		                \
          exit(-1);							                        \
      }
  

卸载服务

• 代码逻辑： 打开SCM（Service Control Manager）-> 打开服务 -> 停止服务（如果正在运行） -> 删除服务。

  void uninstallService()
  {
      auto scmHandle = OpenSCManagerW(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
      SAFE_CALL(scmHandle, NULL);
  
      auto serviceHandle = OpenServiceW(	scmHandle,
                                          L"lgxZJ::Service",
                                          SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
      SAFE_CALL(serviceHandle, NULL);
  
      SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
      SAFE_CALL(QueryServiceStatus(serviceHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
      if (serviceStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_RUNNING) {
          SAFE_CALL(ControlService(serviceHandle, SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, &serviceStatus), 0);
          SAFE_CALL(serviceStatus.dwCurrentState, NO_ERROR);
  
          do {
              SAFE_CALL(QueryServiceStatus(serviceHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
              Sleep(1000);
          } while (serviceStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_STOPPED);
      }
  
      SAFE_CALL(DeleteService(serviceHandle), FALSE);
  
      CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);
      CloseServiceHandle(serviceHandle);
  }
  

手动启动服务

• 代码逻辑： 打开SCM -> 打开服务 -> 启动服务。

  void startService()
  {
      auto scmHandle = OpenSCManagerW(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
      SAFE_CALL(scmHandle, NULL);
  
      auto serviceHandle = OpenServiceW(	scmHandle,
                                          L"lgxZJ::Service",
                                          SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
      SAFE_CALL(serviceHandle, NULL);
  
      SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
      SAFE_CALL(QueryServiceStatus(serviceHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
      if (serviceStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_START && 
          serviceStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_START_PENDING)
          return;
  
      SAFE_CALL(StartServiceW(serviceHandle, 0, NULL), FALSE);
  
      CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);
      CloseServiceHandle(serviceHandle);
  }
  

运行服务（服务启动时会运行服务）、服务控制处理

• 代码逻辑： 启动分发器（连接到SCM） -> 注册服务控制处理器 -> 在控制处理器中对服务控制进行处理（通过SetServiceStatus反馈服务状态和设置接受的控制）。

  void runService()
  {
      const SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRYW serviceTable[] = {
          { L"", ServiceMain },
          { NULL, NULL }
      };
  
      SAFE_CALL(StartServiceCtrlDispatcherW(&serviceTable[0]), 0);
  }
  
  SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE g_serviceStatusHandle = NULL;
  
  void setServiceStatus(DWORD status)
  {
      SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
      serviceStatus.dwServiceType              = SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS;
      serviceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode            = NO_ERROR;
      serviceStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode  = 0;
      serviceStatus.dwWaitHint                 = 2000;
      serviceStatus.dwCheckPoint               = 0;
      serviceStatus.dwControlsAccepted         =  SERVICE_ACCEPT_PAUSE_CONTINUE |
                                                  SERVICE_ACCEPT_SHUTDOWN |
                                                  SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP;
  
      serviceStatus.dwCurrentState = status;
      SAFE_CALL(SetServiceStatus(g_serviceStatusHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
  }
  
  VOID WINAPI ServiceHandler(DWORD controlCode)
  {
      switch (controlCode)
      {
          case SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE:
              setServiceStatus(SERVICE_START_PENDING);    break;
          case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE:
                                                          break;
          case SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE:
              setServiceStatus(SERVICE_PAUSED);           break;
          case SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN:
              setServiceStatus(SERVICE_STOPPED);          break;
          case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP:
              setServiceStatus(SERVICE_STOPPED);          break;
          default:
              break;
      }
  }
  
  VOID WINAPI ServiceMain(DWORD argc, LPWSTR *argv)
  {
      g_serviceStatusHandle = RegisterServiceCtrlHandlerW(L"lgxZJ::Service", &ServiceHandler);
      if (g_serviceStatusHandle == 0)
      {
          cout << "RegisterServiceCtrlHandlerW error, code:" << GetLastError()
              << " ,line:" << __LINE__ << "\n";
          exit(-1);
      }
  
      setServiceStatus(SERVICE_START_PENDING);
      setServiceStatus(SERVICE_RUNNING);
  }
  

完整代码

生成的exe需要以管理员权限启动，完整代码见此处。