[转]基于TCP异步的聊天室程序

话说这个学期我们有一门课叫“中间件”，老师叫我们做一个基于TCP的聊天程序，主要结构如图

1.所有Client端需要与Server端连接（感觉这句话好白痴，TCP肯定要连接了才能工作）

2.Client端的功能是可以群发和私聊（用过QQ都应该知道什么是群发和私聊吧），但都必须经过Server端中转，也就是实现了类似通讯中间件的功能。

PS:开始写之前我是对网络编程这块完全没有认识的，上网找了几个TCP的程序，都是只能实现群发功能，或者只能实现client与server之间相互发的功能，

还没有哪个是可以实现上面所说的功能的程序的（如果有的请留言给我，我去下一个下来学习一下，O(∩_∩)O谢谢）。

实现方法有好多，用Socket类可以实现，用 TcpClient类和TcpListener类也可以实现，我就选择了后者，因为比较简单。

下面就列一下我用到的技术：

多线程，异步回调，委托，设计模式的观察者模式…………

先让大家看一下客户端和服务器端的界面先吧（本人不会做界面，而且界面上有很多Label是用来检查接收的情况，请大家选择性过滤掉）

server端的

client端的

1.Server端先启动服务,新建一个线程，绑定一个套接字,之后监听

2.Client端点击连接之后，就会与Server端建立连接。

3.每当有一个Client加入Server时，Server都会通知所有的Client更新用户列表（观察者模式）

4.点私聊和用户之后，就可以私聊；点群发，就发个所有用户。

代码解说，先看看解决方案

 

先说一下client端

声明变量

System.Collections.ArrayList clientlist = new System.Collections.ArrayList();
        private bool isExit = false;
        private delegate void SetListBoxCallBack(string str);
        private SetListBoxCallBack setlistboxcallback;
        private delegate void SetTextBoxReceiveCallBack(string str);
        private SetTextBoxReceiveCallBack settextboxreceivecallback;
        private delegate void SetComboBoxCallBack(string str);
        private SetComboBoxCallBack setcomboboxcallback;
        private delegate void RemoveComboBoxItemsCallBack(DataReadWrite datareadwrite);
        private RemoveComboBoxItemsCallBack removecomboboxcallback;
        private TcpClient client;
        private NetworkStream ns;
        private ManualResetEvent allDone = new ManualResetEvent(false);

构造函数

public ClientMain()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            setlistboxcallback = new SetListBoxCallBack(SetListBox);   //注册listbox回调函数
            settextboxreceivecallback = new SetTextBoxReceiveCallBack(SetTextBoxReceive);  ////注册textbox回调函数
            setcomboboxcallback = new SetComboBoxCallBack(SetComboBox);  ////注册combobox回调函数
            removecomboboxcallback = new RemoveComboBoxItemsCallBack(RemoveComboBoxItems);
        }    //注册combobox删除的回调函数

连接按钮

 //连接按钮事件
 private void btn_Connect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            client = new TcpClient(AddressFamily.InterNetwork);
            IPAddress serverip = IPAddress.Parse(txt_Server.Text);
//采用的是异步方式            
AsyncCallback receiveCallBack = new AsyncCallback(ReceiveCallBack);
            allDone.Reset();

            try
            {//开始连接
                client.BeginConnect(serverip, Convert.ToInt32(txt_Port.Text),receiveCallBack,client);
                txt_ReceiveMsg.Invoke(settextboxreceivecallback, string.Format("本机终结点：{0}", client.Client.LocalEndPoint));
                txt_ReceiveMsg.Invoke(settextboxreceivecallback, "开始与服务器连接");
                allDone.WaitOne();
                btn_Connect.Enabled = false;
            }
            catch
            {
                MessageBox.Show("登录服务器失败，请确认服务器是否正常工作！");
            }
        }

接收和回调

//接收回调函数
 private void ReceiveCallBack(IAsyncResult iar)
        {
            allDone.Set();
            try
            {
                client = (TcpClient)iar.AsyncState;
                client.EndConnect(iar);
                txt_ReceiveMsg.Invoke(settextboxreceivecallback, string.Format("与服务器{0}连接成功", client.Client.RemoteEndPoint));
                ns = client.GetStream();
                DataRead dataRead = new DataRead(ns, client.ReceiveBufferSize);
                ns.BeginRead(dataRead.msg, 0, dataRead.msg.Length, ReadCallBack, dataRead);
            }
            catch
            {
                MessageBox.Show("已经与服务器断开连接！");
                this.Close();
            }

        }

        //读取回调函数
 private void ReadCallBack(IAsyncResult iar)
        {
            try
            {
                DataRead dataread = (DataRead)iar.AsyncState;
                int recv = dataread.ns.EndRead(iar);
                lbluserlist.Text = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(dataread.msg, 0, recv);
                string userlist1 = lbluserlist.Text;
                if (userlist1.StartsWith("#"))
                {
                    lb_Users.Items.Clear();
                    string[] abc = userlist1.Split(new char[] { '#' });
                    for (int i = 1; i < abc.Length ; i++)
                        lb_Users.Items.Add(abc[i]);
                }
                else
                    txt_ReceiveMsg.Invoke(settextboxreceivecallback, Encoding.Unicode.GetString(dataread.msg, 0, recv));
                
                if (isExit == false)
                {
                    
                    dataread = new DataRead(ns, client.ReceiveBufferSize);
                    ns.BeginRead(dataread.msg, 0, dataread.msg.Length, ReadCallBack, dataread);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
            }
            finally
            { }
        }

发送功能

//发送按钮事件
 private void btn_Send_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
//如果群发按钮被选中时
 if (rbteam.Checked == true)
            {
                //lb_Users.SelectedItems.Clear();
                SendString(txt_SendMsg.Text);
            }
//如果私聊按钮被选中时
 else if (rbself.Checked == true)
            {
                if (lb_Users.SelectedItem != null)
                    SendString("#" + lb_Users.SelectedItem.ToString().Trim() + "#" + txt_SendMsg.Text);
                //label10.Text = "#" +  lb_Users.SelectedItem.ToString().Trim() + "#" + txt_SendMsg.Text;
 else
                    MessageBox.Show("你还没有选取要私聊的对象");
            }
                
            //label9.Text =   "对大家说:" + txt_SendMsg.Text;
            
            txt_SendMsg.Clear();
        }


        //发送函数
 private void SendString(string str)
        {
            try
            {
                byte[] bytesdata = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(str + "\r\n");
                ns.BeginWrite(bytesdata, 0, bytesdata.Length, new AsyncCallback(SendCallBack), ns);
                ns.Flush();
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
            }
            finally
            { }
        }

        //发送回调函数
 private void SendCallBack(IAsyncResult iar)
        {
            try
            {
                ns.EndWrite(iar);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
            }
            finally
            { }
        }

回调函数的实现

//listbox回调函数
 private void SetListBox(string str)
        {
            lb_Users.Items.Add(str);
        }

        //txtbox回调函数
 private void SetTextBoxReceive(string str)
        {
            txt_ReceiveMsg.AppendText(str+"\r\n");
        }

在看看Server端

开始阶段

 public ServerMain()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            setlistboxcallback = new SetListBoxCallBack(SetLbListBox);
            setlistboxcallback2 = new SetListBoxCallBack(SetListBox); 
            removelistboxcallback = new RemoveListBoxCallBack(RemoveListBoxItems);
            setcomboboxcallback = new SetComboBoxCallBack(SetComboBox);
            removecomboboxcallback = new RemoveComboBoxItemsCallBack(RemoveComboBoxItems);
        }

       

        private bool isExit = false;
        System.Collections.ArrayList clientlist = new System.Collections.ArrayList();
        TcpListener listener;
        private delegate void SetListBoxCallBack(string str);
        private SetListBoxCallBack setlistboxcallback;
        private SetListBoxCallBack setlistboxcallback2;
        private delegate void RemoveListBoxCallBack(DataReadWrite datareadwrite);
        private RemoveListBoxCallBack removelistboxcallback;
        private ManualResetEvent allDone = new ManualResetEvent(false);
        private delegate void SetComboBoxCallBack(string str);
        private SetComboBoxCallBack setcomboboxcallback;
        private delegate void RemoveComboBoxItemsCallBack(DataReadWrite datareadwrite);
        private RemoveComboBoxItemsCallBack removecomboboxcallback;

        //开始服务按钮
 private void btn_Start_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
//新建线程接受connect
            Thread myThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(AcceptConnection));
            myThread.Start();
            btn_Start.Enabled = false;
            btn_End.Enabled=true;
        }

        //线程AcceptConnection
 private void AcceptConnection()
        {
            IPAddress[] ip = Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName());
            //IPAddress ipp = IPAddress.Parse("192.168.76.103");
            listener = new TcpListener(ip[0], Convert.ToInt32(txt_ServerPort.Text));
            listener.Start();
            while (isExit == false)
            {
                try
                {
                    allDone.Reset();
                    AsyncCallback callback = new AsyncCallback(AcceptTcpClientCallBack);
                    lst_ServerList.Invoke(setlistboxcallback, "开始等待连接");
                    listener.BeginAcceptTcpClient(callback, listener);
                    allDone.WaitOne();
                }
                catch (Exception e)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
                    break;
                }
                finally
                { }
            }
        }

        private void AcceptTcpClientCallBack(IAsyncResult iar)
        {
            try
            {
                allDone.Set();
                TcpListener mylistener = (TcpListener)iar.AsyncState;
                TcpClient client = mylistener.EndAcceptTcpClient(iar);
                lst_ServerList.Invoke(setlistboxcallback, "已接收客户连接" + client.Client.RemoteEndPoint);
                listBox1.Invoke(setlistboxcallback2, client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString());
                comboBox1.Invoke(setcomboboxcallback, client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString());
                DataReadWrite datareadwrite = new DataReadWrite(client);
                clientlist.Add(datareadwrite);
                
                //发送成员列表，这里用了观察者模式
                SendList();
               
                    //与服务器连接后的不同的客户端的datareadwrite开始异步接收数据
                    datareadwrite.ns.BeginRead(datareadwrite.read, 0, datareadwrite.read.Length, ReadCallBack, datareadwrite);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                lst_ServerList.Invoke(setlistboxcallback, e.Message);
                //MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
 return;
            }
            finally
            { }
        }

        private void SendList()
        {
            string userlist = "";
            for (int i = 0; i < clientlist.Count; i++)
            {
                userlist = userlist + "#" + ((DataReadWrite)clientlist[i]).client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString();
                label14.Text = userlist;
            }
            foreach (DataReadWrite drw in clientlist)
                SendString(drw, userlist);
        }

运行阶段

//读取消息回调函数
 private void ReadCallBack(IAsyncResult iar)
        {
            DataReadWrite datareadwrite = (DataReadWrite)iar.AsyncState;
            try
            {
                
                int recv = datareadwrite.ns.EndRead(iar);
                string aa = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(datareadwrite.read, 0, recv);
                //string bb = "";
                stringaa.Text = aa;
                if (isExit == false)
                {
                    if (aa.Substring(0, 1) != "#")         //群发为#，没有则为单发
                    {
                        aa = aa.Insert(0, datareadwrite.client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "对大家说:");
                        //stringbb.Text = aa.Substring(1, aa.Length-1);
 foreach (DataReadWrite drw in clientlist)
                            SendString(drw, aa);
                    }
                    else //私聊时截取ip地址，收到的信息为“#192.168.76.102:3315#消息”
                    {
                       int c=aa.LastIndexOf("#");                          //截取ip地址的位置index
 string ipaddress = aa.Substring(1, c - 1);         //截取ip地址
 for (int i = 0; i <= listBox1.Items.Count - 1; i++)
                       {
                           if (ipaddress == listBox1.Items[i].ToString())
                           {
                               //找到需要发送的对象
                               DataReadWrite obj = (DataReadWrite)clientlist[i];
                               //增加发送源的IP地址和端口号
                               aa = aa.Insert(c + 1, datareadwrite.client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "跟你说：");
                               SendString(obj, aa.Substring(c+1));
                               break;
                               //MessageBox.Show(aa.Substring(c, aa.Length - 2));
                           }
                       }
                    }
                    datareadwrite.ns.BeginRead(datareadwrite.read, 0, datareadwrite.read.Length, ReadCallBack, datareadwrite);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                lst_ServerList.Invoke(setlistboxcallback, e.Message);
                listBox1.Invoke(removelistboxcallback, datareadwrite);
                comboBox1.Invoke(removecomboboxcallback, datareadwrite);
                //SendList();
            }
            finally
            { }
        }

        //发送消息
 private void SendString(DataReadWrite datareadwrite, string str)
        {
            try
            {
                datareadwrite.write = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(str + "\r\n");
                datareadwrite.ns.BeginWrite(datareadwrite.write, 0, datareadwrite.write.Length, new AsyncCallback(SendCallBack), datareadwrite);
                datareadwrite.ns.Flush();
                lst_ServerList.Invoke(setlistboxcallback, string.Format("向{0}发送：{1}", datareadwrite.client.Client.RemoteEndPoint, str));
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                lst_ServerList.Items.Add(e.Message);
                //发送失败时，清除发送不成功的IP地址
                listBox1.Invoke(removelistboxcallback, datareadwrite);
                comboBox1.Invoke(removecomboboxcallback, datareadwrite);
                //SendList();
            }
            finally
            {
            }
        }

        //发送回调
 private void SendCallBack(IAsyncResult iar)
        {
            DataReadWrite datareadwrite = (DataReadWrite)iar.AsyncState;
            try
            {
                datareadwrite.ns.EndRead(iar);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                lst_ServerList.Invoke(setlistboxcallback, e.Message);
                listBox1.Invoke(removelistboxcallback, datareadwrite);
                comboBox1.Invoke(removecomboboxcallback, datareadwrite);
            }
            finally
            { }
        }


        //停止服务按钮
 private void btn_End_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            isExit = true;
            allDone.Set();

            btn_Start.Enabled = true;
            btn_End.Enabled = false;

            lst_ServerList.Items.Add("服务器于" + DateTime.Now.ToString() + "停止运行.");
        }

回调函数实现

private void RemoveListBoxItems(DataReadWrite datareadwrite)
        {
            int index = clientlist.IndexOf(datareadwrite);
            listBox1.Items.RemoveAt(index);
        }

        private void SetListBox(string str)
        {
            listBox1.Items.Add(str);
        }

        private void SetLbListBox(string str)
        {
            lst_ServerList.Items.Add(str);
            lst_ServerList.SelectedIndex = listBox1.Items.Count - 1;
            lst_ServerList.ClearSelected();
            
        }

        private void RemoveComboBoxItems(DataReadWrite datareadwrite)
        {
            int index = clientlist.IndexOf(datareadwrite);
            comboBox1.Items.RemoveAt(index);
        }

        private void SetComboBox(object obj)
        {
            comboBox1.Items.Add(obj);
        }

再介绍一下DataReadWrite类，这个类是实现将一个client的属性和功能集成到一个类中，主要是负责处理数据的，包括一个tcpclient对象，

一个网络流对象，2个负责读写的字节数组

DataReadWrite

 public class DataReadWrite
    {
        public TcpClient client;
        public NetworkStream ns;
        public byte[] read;
        public byte[] write;
        public DataReadWrite(TcpClient client)
        {
            this.client = client;
            ns = client.GetStream();
            read = new byte[client.ReceiveBufferSize];
            write = new byte[client.SendBufferSize];
        }

        public void InitReadArray()
        {
            read = new byte[client.ReceiveBufferSize];
        }

        public void InitWriteArray()
        {
            write = new byte[client.SendBufferSize];
        }
    

在构造函数里得到连接上服务器的句柄，包含服务器的IP地址信息，从client对象上得到流对象，流对象就是用来在网络上进行流的读写。

以下是实现的截图

尝试了群发和私聊

由于是新手，所以里面用词方面可能有些不准确，而且程序这是初成品，还有很多方面的BUG。例如退出时会发生异常，当有人离开时，列表不会更新。

希望大家看了之后给点意见和建议，谢谢大家撒。有空多留言，谢谢

参考书籍:《visual c#网络编程技术与实践》和《c#网络应用高级编程》

ps:漏了源码，现在上传qqsocket.rar