Maven搭建SpringMVC+Hibernate项目详解

前言

     今天复习一下SpringMVC+Hibernate的搭建，本来想着将Spring-Security权限控制框架也映入其中的，但是发现内容太多了，Spring-Security的就留在下一篇吧，这篇主要搭建SpringMVC4.1.4和Hibernate4.3.8，之前也打了好多SpringMVC的，这部分已经非常的熟悉了，毕竟业开发过一年多SpringMVC的，这次持久层采用Hibernate，数据源采用c3p0，数据库暂采用MySQL，主要是想复习一下Hibernate。搭建SpringMVC+Hibernate的框架的思路如下下载地址 ：

     1、设计数据库：设计好表结构，最好符合3NF，采用Hibernate tools将设计好的表自动生成对应的实体entity。

     1、创建Maven项目，按需映入Maven包依赖。

     2、搭建Spring：配置Spring对控件层Bean的注入。

     3、搭建Hibernate：配置数据源，配置SessionFactory，配置事务，以及二级缓存ehcache的配置。

     4、测试Spring+Hibernate的框架搭建，写单元测试JUnit，测试事务配置等。

     5、映入SpringMVC：配置SpringMVC配置信息。

     6、配置web.xml容器

     7、测试三个框架的整合：Maven编译打包部署服务器，测试。

1、数据库设计

       设计一个权限、角色、用户的表。自然如果一个用户可以有多个角色，一个角色多个用户所拥有；一个角色拥有多个权限，一个权限对应多个角色。所以按照数据库表结构设计，符合3NF的话我们需要5张表进行存在。表的具体信息就不列出了（可以下在源码，里面还有数据库），表关系如下：

      

      这里面ID才用到是java的UUID（36位）

2、创建Maven项目，编写pom.xml文件

      创建一个Maven的webapp项目，编写pom.xml文件，引入所需的包依赖，我这里就将所需的全部的映入了。

       

      pom.xml文件内容如下:

       

  <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>org.andy.sh</groupId>
	<artifactId>springmvc_hibernate_demo</artifactId>
	<packaging>war</packaging>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

	<name>springmvc_hibernate_demo Maven Webapp</name>
	<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<spring.version>4.1.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
		<hibernate.version>4.3.8.Final</hibernate.version>
		<jackson.version>2.5.0</jackson.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>

		<!-- junit -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.12</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<!-- spring -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<!-- 使用SpringMVC需配置 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- 关系型数据库整合时需配置 如hibernate jpa等 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- hibernate -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
			<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
			<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- 二级缓存ehcache -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
			<artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
			<version>2.9.0</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- log4j -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.17</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- mysql连接 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>5.1.34</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- c3p0数据源 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
			<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
			<version>0.9.5-pre10</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- json -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
			<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.3</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
			<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
			<version>${jackson.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
			<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
			<version>${jackson.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
			<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
			<version>${jackson.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- aop -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
			<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
			<version>1.8.4</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- servlet -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>3.0-alpha-1</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
			<version>1.2</version>
		</dependency>

	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<finalName>springmvc_hibernate_demo</finalName>

		<plugins>
			<!-- Run the JUnit unit tests in an isolated classloader -->
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.4.2</version>
				<configuration>
					<skipTests>true</skipTests>
				</configuration>

			</plugin>

			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.3</version>
				<configuration>
					<webXml>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml</webXml>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>

			<!-- generate java doc -->
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.9.1</version>
				<configuration>
					<javadocDirectory>target/javadoc</javadocDirectory>
					<reportOutputDirectory>target/javadoc</reportOutputDirectory>
					<charset>UTF-8</charset>
					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
					<docencoding>UTF-8</docencoding>
					<show>private</show>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>

			<!-- 部署至本机 -->
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId>
				<artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>1.0</version>
				<configuration>
					<container>
						<containerId>tomcat6x</containerId>
						<home>D:\WebServer\apache-tomcat-6.0.39</home>
					</container>
					<configuration>
						<type>existing</type>
						<home>D:\WebServer\apache-tomcat-6.0.39</home>
					</configuration>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>

	</build>
</project>

 

3、引入Spring配置

    编写配置文件，配置文件放在src/main/resources资源目录下（下同）。

   项目所需的配置信息config.properties

  

#application configs

#jdbc c3p0 config
jdbc.driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/work?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
jdbc.username = root
jdbc.password = 12345

#hibernate config
hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
hibernate.show_sql = true
hibernate.format_sql = false
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto = update
hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache = true
hibernate.cache.use_query_cache = true
hibernate.cache.region.factory_class = org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory
hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path = ehcache.xml

 

3.1、spring配置

spring.xml的配置文件如下：

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
			http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
			http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
			http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd">
	<!-- 加载配置文件 -->
	
	<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config.properties"/>
	<!-- 扫描service自动注入为bean -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="org.andy.work.service.impl,org.andy.work.dao.impl" />

</beans>

上面spring配置了对应包下组件bean自动注入管理，我们需要将dao,service的实现类交由spring管理，如（@Repository，@Service）。

 

3.2、引入日志文件配置Log4j

  log4j.properties的配置文件如下：

 

### set log levels ###
log4j.rootLogger = INFO , C , D , E 

### console ###
log4j.appender.C = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.C.Target = System.out
log4j.appender.C.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.C.layout.ConversionPattern = [springmvc_hibernate_demo][%p] [%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n

### log file ###
log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.D.File = ../logs/springmvc_hibernate_demo.log
log4j.appender.D.Append = true
log4j.appender.D.Threshold = INFO 
log4j.appender.D.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern = [springmvc_hibernate_demo][%p] [%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n

### exception ###
log4j.appender.E = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.E.File = ../logs/springmvc_hibernate_demo_error.log 
log4j.appender.E.Append = true
log4j.appender.E.Threshold = ERROR 
log4j.appender.E.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.E.layout.ConversionPattern = [sspringmvc_hibernate_demo][%p] [%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n

 

4、Hibernate配置

      Hibernate的配置主要包括：配置数据源c3p0，配置SessionFactory，配置事务管理器，配置事务管理，其spring-hibernate.xml文件如下：

     

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd">

	<!-- 配置数据源 c3p0 -->
	<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
		destroy-method="close">
		<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
		<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" />
		<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" />
		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />

		<!-- 请求超时时间 -->
		<property name="checkoutTimeout" value="30000" />
		<!-- 每60秒检查所有连接池中的空闲连接。默认值: 0，不检查 -->
		<property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="30" />
		<!-- 连接数据库连接池最大空闲时间 -->
		<property name="maxIdleTime" value="30" />
		<!-- 连接池初始化连接数 -->
		<property name="initialPoolSize" value="5" />
		<property name="minPoolSize" value="5" />
		<property name="maxPoolSize" value="20" />
		<!--当连接池中的连接耗尽的时候c3p0一次同时获取的连接数。默认值: 3 -->
		<property name="acquireIncrement" value="5" />
	</bean>

	<!-- 配置hibernate的SessionFactory -->
	<bean id="sessionFactory"
		class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
		<!-- 注入数据源 相关信息看源码 -->
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
		<!-- hibernate配置信息 -->
		<property name="hibernateProperties">
			<props>
				<prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">${hibernate.format_sql}</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop>

				<!-- 开启二级缓存 ehcache -->
				<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache}</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_query_cache}</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class">${hibernate.cache.region.factory_class}</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path">${hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path}
				</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
		<!-- 扫描hibernate注解配置的entity -->
		<property name="packagesToScan" value="org.andy.work.entity" />
	</bean>

	<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
	<bean id="transactionManager"
		class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
	</bean>

	<!-- 配置事务增强处理Bean，指定事务管理器 -->
	<tx:advice id="transactionAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
		<!-- 配置详细事务处理语义 -->
		<tx:attributes>
			<tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
			<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
			<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />

			<tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
			<tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
			<tx:method name="select*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
			<tx:method name="load*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />

			<!-- 其他采用默认事务方式 -->
			<tx:method name="*" />

		</tx:attributes>
	</tx:advice>

	<!-- Spring aop事务管理 -->
	<aop:config>
		<!-- 配置切入点 -->
		<aop:pointcut id="transactionPointcut"
			expression="execution(* org.andy.work.service..*Impl.*(..))" />
		<!-- 指定在txAdvice切入点应用txAdvice事务增强处理 -->
		<aop:advisor pointcut-ref="transactionPointcut"
			advice-ref="transactionAdvice" />
	</aop:config>

</beans>

     上面配置了二级缓存，ehcache，相关的具体信息查看上一篇Hibernate二级缓存以及ehcache的搭建配置，下面是二级缓存的配置。

 

4.1、ehcache.xml的配置

       

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../config/ehcache.xsd">
	<diskStore path="D:/ehcache" />
	<!-- DefaultCache setting. -->
     <defaultCache
            maxElementsInMemory="1000"
            eternal="false"
            timeToIdleSeconds="120"
            timeToLiveSeconds="120"
            maxElementsOnDisk="1000000"
            overflowToDisk="true" 
            memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
            
    </defaultCache>

	<!-- Special objects setting. -->

	<cache 
	     name="org.andy.work.entity.AcctUser"
		 maxElementsInMemory="2"
		 memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU" 
		 eternal="true" 
		 diskPersistent="false"
		 overflowToDisk="false" 
		 maxElementsOnDisk="1000000" /> 



</ehcache>

   上面Hibernate二级缓存ehcache存放磁盘是D:/ehcache

 

5、生成业务entity实体

      设计好数据表后，Hibernate的实体有工具Hibernate tools自动生成，Eclipse需要安装Hibernate tools插件（我在线安装过几次都不成功，推荐使用links离线安装，附录将介绍），所以不需要手工的书写，下面就贴一个用户信息的实体，AcctUser.java

     

package org.andy.work.entity;

// Generated 2015-2-3 10:43:00 by Hibernate Tools 4.0.0

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.Temporal;
import javax.persistence.TemporalType;

import org.hibernate.annotations.Cache;
import org.hibernate.annotations.CacheConcurrencyStrategy;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;

/**
 * AcctUser generated by hbm2java
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "acct_user", catalog = "work")
@Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.READ_WRITE)
public class AcctUser implements java.io.Serializable {

	/**
	 * 
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 6980093847795726310L;
	private String id;
	private String nickName;
	private String telephone;
	private Date registerTime;
	private Set<AcctRole> acctRoles = new HashSet<AcctRole>(0);

	public AcctUser() {

	}

	public AcctUser(String id, String nickName) {
		this.id = id;
		this.nickName = nickName;
	}

	public AcctUser(String id, String nickName, String telephone,
			Date registerTime, Set<AcctRole> acctRoles) {
		this.id = id;
		this.nickName = nickName;
		this.telephone = telephone;
		this.registerTime = registerTime;
		this.acctRoles = acctRoles;
	}

	@Id
	@Column(name = "id", unique = true, nullable = false, length = 36)
	public String getId() {
		return this.id;
	}

	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	@Column(name = "nick_name", nullable = false)
	public String getNickName() {
		return this.nickName;
	}

	public void setNickName(String nickName) {
		this.nickName = nickName;
	}

	@Column(name = "telephone")
	public String getTelephone() {
		return this.telephone;
	}

	public void setTelephone(String telephone) {
		this.telephone = telephone;
	}

	@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
	@Column(name = "register_time", length = 19)
	public Date getRegisterTime() {
		return this.registerTime;
	}

	public void setRegisterTime(Date registerTime) {
		this.registerTime = registerTime;
	}

	@JsonIgnoreProperties(value={"acctUsers", "acctAuthorities"})
	@ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
	@Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.READ_WRITE)
	@JoinTable(name = "acct_user_role", catalog = "work", joinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "user_id", nullable = false, updatable = false) }, inverseJoinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "role_id", nullable = false, updatable = false) })
	public Set<AcctRole> getAcctRoles() {
		return this.acctRoles;
	}

	public void setAcctRoles(Set<AcctRole> acctRoles) {
		this.acctRoles = acctRoles;
	}

}

上面有几个需要注意的：

 

     上面大多数都是Hibernate tools自动生成的，但是有几个需要手动添加：

              1、如果这个实体使用二级缓存的话，需要添加@cache注解；

              2、如果该实体里面还有集合元素（set， map，list），如果实体要采用二级缓存，那么这些集合元素必须也添加@cache注解。

              3、@JsonIgnoreProperties注解是为了防止SpringMVC在json返回时产生循环输出使用，如果不配置的话就会出现json死循环（还有多对多，一对多的属性时）。

             4、@JsonIgnore这个是在转换成json是忽略该属性，而@JsonIgnoreProperties(value={"acctUsers", "acctAuthorities"})则是忽略acctRoles里面的acctUsers和acctAuthorites属