WCF服务的批量寄宿

如果采用自我寄宿的方式,我们需要为每个寄宿的服务创建ServiceHost对象。但是一个应用往往具有很多服务需要被发布,基于单个服务的ServiceHost的创建将会变成一个很繁琐的事情。如果我们能够采用某种机制来读取所有配置的服务,并自动为它们创建相应的ServiceHost对象,这无疑是一种理想的方式。[源代码从这里下载]

我想很多人想到了直接读取表示寄宿服务的<system.serviceModel>/<services>/<service>配置元素列表,通过其name配置属性得到表示服务的“类型”,并据此创建相应的ServiceHost对象。这种做法是不被推荐的,原因有二:

  • <service>配置元素的name属性并不是寄宿服务的类型全名,而是通过ServiceBehaviorAttribute特性对应的服务配置名称;
  • 即使我们不对服务的配置名称作显式设置,让该名称表示成服务类型全名,但是由于它并包含程序集名称,我们往往不得不加载所有可用的程序集。

我们可以将需要需要批量寄宿的服务类型定义在配置文件中。很多人喜欢直接采用<appSettings>作为自定义的配置,但是我个人是既不推荐这种做法的,我觉得自定义结构化的配置节是更好的选择。批量寄宿的服务类型就定义在具有如下结构的 <artech.batchingHosting>配置节下。

   1: <artech.batchingHosting>
   2:   <add type="Artech.BatchingHosting.FooService, Artech.BatchingHosting"/>
   3:   <add type="Artech.BatchingHosting.BarService, Artech.BatchingHosting"/>
   4:   <add type="Artech.BatchingHosting.BazService, Artech.BatchingHosting"/>
   5: </artech.batchingHosting>

上面XML表示的自定义配置节通过具有如下定义的BatchingHostingSettings表示。BatchingHostingSettings包含一个通过ServiceTypeElementCollection表示的配置元素集合,而具体的配置元素类型为ServiceTypeElement。而ServiceTypeElement的配置ServiceType表示具体的服务类型。

   1: public class BatchingHostingSettings: ConfigurationSection
   2: {
   3:     [ConfigurationProperty("", IsDefaultCollection = true)]
   4:     public ServiceTypeElementCollection ServiceTypes
   5:     {
   6:         get { return (ServiceTypeElementCollection)this[""]; }
   7:     }
   8:  
   9:     public static BatchingHostingSettings GetSection()
  10:     {
  11:         return ConfigurationManager.GetSection("artech.batchingHosting") 
  12:                     as BatchingHostingSettings;
  13:     }
  14: }
  15: public class ServiceTypeElementCollection : ConfigurationElementCollection
  16: {
  17:     protected override ConfigurationElement CreateNewElement()
  18:     {
  19:         return new ServiceTypeElement();
  20:     }
  21:     protected override object GetElementKey(ConfigurationElement element)
  22:     {
  23:         ServiceTypeElement serviceTypeElement = (ServiceTypeElement)element;
  24:         return serviceTypeElement.ServiceType.MetadataToken;
  25:     }
  26: }
  27: public class ServiceTypeElement : ConfigurationElement
  28: {
  29:     [ConfigurationProperty("type",IsRequired = true)]
  30:     [TypeConverter(typeof(AssemblyQualifiedTypeNameConverter))]
  31:     public Type ServiceType
  32:     {
  33:         get { return (Type)this["type"]; }
  34:         set { this["type"] = value; }
  35:     }
  36: }

ServiceTypeElement的ServiceType属性上应用了一个TypeConverterAttribute特性并将类型转换器类型设置为AssemblyQualifiedTypeNameConverter,这是为了让配置系统能够自动实现以字符串表示的配置属性值与Type对象之间的转换。这个类型转换器是我们自定义的,具体定义如下:

   1: public class AssemblyQualifiedTypeNameConverter : ConfigurationConverterBase
   2: {
   3:     public override object ConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext context, CultureInfo culture, object value)
   4:     {
   5:         string typeName = (string)value;
   6:         if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(typeName))
   7:         {
   8:             return null;
   9:         }
  10:         Type result = Type.GetType(typeName, false);
  11:         if (result == null)
  12:         {
  13:             throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("不能加载类型\"{0}\"", typeName));
  14:         }
  15:         return result;
  16:     }
  17:     public override object ConvertTo(ITypeDescriptorContext context, CultureInfo culture, object value, Type destinationType)
  18:     {
  19:         Type type = value as Type;
  20:         if (null == type)
  21:         {
  22:             throw new ArgumentNullException("value");
  23:         }
  24:         return type.AssemblyQualifiedName;
  25:     }
  26: }

真正的服务批量寄宿是通过具有如下定义的ServiceHostCollection来实现的。ServiceHostCollection本质上就是一个ServiceHost的集合,我们可以通过构造函数和自定义的Add方法为指定的一组服务类型创建ServiceHost。在构造函数中,我们通过加载BatchingHostingSettings配置节的方式获取需要批量寄宿的服务类型,并为之创建ServiceHost。

   1: public class ServiceHostCollection : Collection<ServiceHost>, IDisposable
   2: {
   3:     public ServiceHostCollection(params Type[] serviceTypes)
   4:     {
   5:         BatchingHostingSettings settings = BatchingHostingSettings.GetSection();
   6:         foreach (ServiceTypeElement element in settings.ServiceTypes)
   7:         {
   8:             this.Add(element.ServiceType);
   9:         }
  10:  
  11:         if (null != serviceTypes)
  12:         { 
  13:             Array.ForEach<Type>(serviceTypes, serviceType=> this.Add(new ServiceHost(serviceType)));
  14:         }
  15:     }
  16:     public void Add(params Type[] serviceTypes)
  17:     {
  18:         if (null != serviceTypes)
  19:         {
  20:             Array.ForEach<Type>(serviceTypes, serviceType => this.Add(new ServiceHost(serviceType)));
  21:         }
  22:     }
  23:     public void Open()
  24:     {
  25:         foreach (ServiceHost host in this)
  26:         {
  27:             host.Open();
  28:         }
  29:     }
  30:     public void Dispose()
  31:     {
  32:         foreach (IDisposable host in this)
  33:         {
  34:             host.Dispose();
  35:         }
  36:     }
  37: }

定义在ServiceHostCollection中的Open方法实现了对所有ServiceHost对象的批量开启。ServiceHostCollection还实现了IDisposable接口,并在Dispose方法中实现了对ServiceHost的批量关闭。

现在我们定义了FooService、BarService和BazService三个服务类型,它们分别实现了契约接口IFoo、IBar和IBar。三个服务以及包含的终结点定义在如下的配置中,而三个服务类型同时被定义在了我们自定义的<artech.batchingHosting>配置节下。

   1: <configuration>
   2:   <configSections>
   3: <section name="artech.batchingHosting"  
   4:     type="Artech.BatchingHosting.Configuration.BatchingHostingSettings, 
   5:            Artech.BatchingHosting"/>
   6:   </configSections>
   7:   <system.serviceModel>
   8:     <services>
   9:       <service name="Artech.BatchingHosting.FooService">
  10:         <endpoint address="http://127.0.0.1:3721/fooservice"
  11:                     binding="ws2007HttpBinding"
  12:                     contract="Artech.BatchingHosting.IFoo"/>
  13:       </service>
  14:       <service name="Artech.BatchingHosting.BarService">
  15:         <endpoint address="http://127.0.0.1:3721/barservice"
  16:                     binding="ws2007HttpBinding"
  17:                     contract="Artech.BatchingHosting.IBar"/>
  18:       </service>
  19:       <service name="Artech.BatchingHosting.BazService">
  20:         <endpoint address="http://127.0.0.1:3721/bazservice"
  21:                     binding="ws2007HttpBinding"
  22:                     contract="Artech.BatchingHosting.IBaz"/>
  23:       </service>
  24:     </services>
  25:   </system.serviceModel>
  26:   <artech.batchingHosting>
  27:     <add type="Artech.BatchingHosting.FooService, Artech.BatchingHosting"/>
  28:     <add type="Artech.BatchingHosting.BarService, Artech.BatchingHosting"/>
  29:     <add type="Artech.BatchingHosting.BazService, Artech.BatchingHosting"/>
  30:   </artech.batchingHosting>
  31: </configuration>

要实现针对三个服务的批量寄宿,我们只需要创建ServiceHostCollection对象并开启它即可。为了确认三个服务对应的ServiceHost确实被创建并被开启,我通过如下的代码注册了ServiceHostCollection中每个ServiceHost的Opened事件。当该事件触发时,会在控制台上打印一段文字。

   1: using (ServiceHostCollection hosts = new ServiceHostCollection())
   2: {
   3:     foreach (ServiceHost host in hosts)
   4:     {
   5:         host.Opened += (sender, arg) => Console.WriteLine("服务{0}开始监听", 
   6:             (sender as ServiceHost).Description.ServiceType);
   7:     }
   8:     hosts.Open();
   9:     Console.Read();
  10: }

上面这段代码执行之后,控制台上将会具有如下一段输出文字,这充分证明了我们对三个服务成功地进行了批量寄宿。

   1: 服务Artech.BatchingHosting.FooService开始监听
   2: 服务Artech.BatchingHosting.BarService开始监听
   3: 服务Artech.BatchingHosting.BazService开始监听
posted @ 2011-12-07 12:03  Artech  阅读(8227)  评论(31编辑  收藏  举报