自从70年代起，Vi一直是程序员最好的伙伴之一，无论你是Vi新手或者是老手，下面分类给出了100个有用的Vi命令，相信会对你有所帮助。
Basics
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:e filename |
Open filename for edition |
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:w |
Save file |
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:q |
Exit Vim |
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:w! |
Exit Vim without saving |
Search
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/word |
Search word from top to bottom |
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?word |
Search word from bottom to top |
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/jo[ha]n |
Search john or joan |
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/\< the |
Search the, theatre or then |
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/the\> |
Search the or breathe |
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/\< the\> |
Search the |
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/\< ¦.\> |
Search all words of 4 letters |
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/\/ |
Search fred but not alfred or frederick |
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/fred\|joe |
Search fred or joe |
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/\<\d\d\d\d\> |
Search exactly 4 digits |
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/^\n\{3} |
Find 3 empty lines |
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:bufdo /searchstr/ |
Search in all open files |
Replace
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:%s/old/new/g |
Replace all occurences of old by new in file |
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:%s/old/new/gw |
Replace all occurences with confirmation |
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:2,35s/old/new/g |
Replace all occurences between lines 2 and 35 |
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:5,$s/old/new/g |
Replace all occurences from line 5 to EOF |
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:%s/^/hello/g |
Replace the begining of each line by hello |
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:%s/$/Harry/g |
Replace the end of each line by Harry |
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:%s/onward/forward/gi |
Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive |
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:%s/ *$//g |
Delete all white spaces |
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:g/string/d |
Delete all lines containing string |
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:v/string/d |
Delete all lines containing which didn’t contain string |
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:s/Bill/Steve/ |
Replace the first occurence of Bill by Steve in current line |
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:s/Bill/Steve/g |
Replace Bill by Steve in current line |
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:%s/Bill/Steve/g |
Replace Bill by Steve in all the file |
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:%s/\r//g |
Delete DOS carriage returns (^M) |
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:%s/\r/\r/g |
Transform DOS carriage returns in returns |
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:%s#<[^>]\+>##g |
Delete HTML tags but keeps text |
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:%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/ |
Delete lines which appears twice |
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Ctrl+a |
Increment number under the cursor |
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Ctrl+x |
Decrement number under cursor |
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ggVGg? |
Change text to Rot13 |
Case
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Vu |
Lowercase line |
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VU |
Uppercase line |
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g~~ |
Invert case |
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vEU |
Switch word to uppercase |
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vE~ |
Modify word case |
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ggguG |
Set all text to lowercase |
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:set ignorecase |
Ignore case in searches |
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:set smartcase |
Ignore case in searches excepted if an uppercase letter is used |
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:%s/\<./\u&/g |
Sets first letter of each word to uppercase |
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:%s/\<./\l&/g |
Sets first letter of each word to lowercase |
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:%s/.*/\u& |
Sets first letter of each line to uppercase |
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:%s/.*/\l& |
Sets first letter of each line to lowercase |
Read/Write files
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:1,10 w outfile |
Saves lines 1 to 10 in outfile |
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:1,10 w >> outfile |
Appends lines 1 to 10 to outfile |
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:r infile |
Insert the content of infile |
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:23r infile |
Insert the content of infile under line 23 |
File explorer
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:e |
Open integrated file explorer |
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:Sex |
Split window and open integrated file explorer |
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:browse e |
Graphical file explorer |
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:ls |
List buffers |
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:cd . |
Move to parent directory |
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:args |
List files |
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:args *.php |
Open file list |
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:grep expression *.php |
Returns a list of .php files contening expression |
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gf |
Open file name under cursor |
Interact with Unix
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:!pwd |
Execute the pwd unix command, then returns to Vi |
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!!pwd |
Execute the pwd unix command and insert output in file |
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:sh |
Temporary returns to Unix |
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$exit |
Retourns to Vi |
Alignment
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:%!fmt |
Align all lines |
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!}fmt |
Align all lines at the current position |
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5!!fmt |
Align the next 5 lines |
Tabs
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:tabnew |
Creates a new tab |
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gt |
Show next tab |
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:tabfirst |
Show first tab |
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:tablast |
Show last tab |
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:tabm n(position) |
Rearrange tabs |
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:tabdo %s/foo/bar/g |
Execute a command in all tabs |
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:tab ball |
Puts all open files in tabs |
Window spliting
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:e filename |
Edit filename in current window |
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:split filename |
Split the window and open filename |
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ctrl-w up arrow |
Puts cursor in top window |
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ctrl-w ctrl-w |
Puts cursor in next window |
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ctrl-w_ |
Maximise current window |
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ctrl-w= |
Gives the same size to all windows |
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10 ctrl-w+ |
Add 10 lines to current window |
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:vsplit file |
Split window vertically |
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:sview file |
Same as :split in readonly mode |
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:hide |
Close current window |
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:nly |
Close all windows, excepted current |
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:b 2 |
Open #2 in this window |
Auto-completion
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Ctrl+n Ctrl+p (in insert mode) |
Complete word |
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Ctrl+x Ctrl+l |
Complete line |
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:set dictionary=dict |
Define dict as a dictionnary |
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Ctrl+x Ctrl+k |
Complete with dictionnary |
Marks
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mk |
Marks current position as k |
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˜k |
Moves cursor to mark k |
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d™k |
Delete all until mark k |
Abbreviations
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:ab mail mail@provider.org |
Define mail as abbreviation of mail@provider.org |
Text indent
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:set autoindent |
Turn on auto-indent |
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:set smartindent |
Turn on intelligent auto-indent |
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:set shiftwidth=4 |
Defines 4 spaces as indent size |
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ctrl-t, ctrl-d |
Indent/un-indent in insert mode |
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>> |
Indent |
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<< |
Un-indent |
Syntax highlighting
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:syntax on |
Turn on syntax highlighting |
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:syntax off |
Turn off syntax highlighting |
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:set syntax=perl |
Force syntax highlighting |
