Python调用C模块以及性能分析

一.c,ctypes和python的数据类型的对应关系

ctypes type ctype Python type
c_char char 1-character string
c_wchar wchar_t 1-character unicode string
c_byte char int/long
c_ubyte unsigned char int/long
c_short short int/long
c_ushort unsigned short int/long
c_int int int/long
c_uint unsigned int int/long
c_long long int/long
c_ulong unsigned long int/long
c_longlong __int64 or long long int/long
c_ulonglong unsigned __int64 or unsigned long long int/long
c_float float float
c_double double float
c_char_p char * (NUL terminated) string or None
c_wchar_p wchar_t * (NUL terminated) unicode or None
c_void_p void * int/long or None

2.操作int

>>> from ctypes import *
>>> c=c_int(34)
>>> c
c_int(34)
>>> c.value
34
>>> c.value=343
>>> c.value
343

3.操作字符串

>>> p=create_string_buffer(10)
>>> p.raw
'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
>>> p.value='fefefe'
>>> p.raw
'fefefe\x00\x00\x00\x00'
>>> p.value='fefeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee'  #字符串太长,报错
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: string too long

4.操作指针

>>> i=c_int(999)
>>> pi=pointer(i)
>>> pi
<__main__.LP_c_int object at 0x7f7be1983b00>
>>> pi.value
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'LP_c_int' object has no attribute 'value'
>>> pi.contents
c_int(999)
>>> pi.contents=c_long(34343)
>>> pi.contents
c_int(34343)
  • 通过pointer获取一个值的指针
  • 通过contents获取一个指针的值

5.c的结构体

#定义一个c的structure,包含两个成员变量x和y
>>> class POINT(Structure):
...     _fields_=[('x',c_int),('y',c_int)]
... 
>>> point=POINT(2,4)
>>> point
<__main__.POINT object at 0x7f7be1983b90>
>>> point.x,point.y
(2, 4)
>>> porint=POINT(y=2)
>>> porint
<__main__.POINT object at 0x7f7be1983cb0>
>>> point=POINT(y=2) 
>>> point.x,point.y
(0, 2)
定义一个类型为POINT的数组
>>> POINT_ARRAY=POINT*3
>>> pa=POINT_ARRAY(POINT(2,3),POINT(2,4),POINT(2,5))
>>> for i in pa:print pa.y
... 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'POINT_Array_3' object has no attribute 'y'
>>> for i in pa:print i.y 
... 
3
4
5

6.访问so文件

1.创建一个c文件

#include <stdio.h>
int hello_world(){
    printf("Hello World\n");
    return 0;
}
int main(){
        hello_world();
        return 0;
}

2.编译成动态链接库

gcc hello_world.c  -fPIC -shared -o hello_world.so

3.python中调用库中的函数

from ctypes import cdll
c_lib=cdll.LoadLibrary('./hello_world.so')
c_lib.hello_world()

二.测试c的性能和python的差别

sum.c
#include <stdio.h>

int sum(int num){
    long sum=0;
    int i =0;
    for( i=1;i<=num;i++){
        sum=sum+i;
    };
    return sum;
}
int main(){
    printf("%d",sum(10));
    return 0;
}
  • 测试方案:计算1-100的和
  • 测试次数:100万次

1. 直接用c来执行,通linux 的time命令来记录执行的用时

sum.c:

#include <stdio.h>
    int sum(int num){
        long sum=0;
        int i =0;
        for( i=1;i<=num;i++){
            sum=sum+i;
        };
        return sum;
    }
    int main(){
        int i ;
        for (i=0;i<1000000;i++){
        sum(100);
        }
        return 0;

测试结果的例子:

real 1.16
user 1.13
sys 0.01

2.通过Python调用so文件和python的测试结果

sum_test.py:

def sum_python(num):
    s = 0
    for i in xrange(1,num+1):
        s += i
    return s


from ctypes import cdll

c_lib = cdll.LoadLibrary('./sum.so')


def sum_c(num):
    return c_lib.sum(num)


def test(num):
    import timeit

    t1 = timeit.Timer('c_lib.sum(%d)' % num, 'from __main__ import c_lib')
    t2 = timeit.Timer('sum_python(%d)' % num, 'from __main__ import sum_python')
    print 'c', t1.timeit(number=1000000)
    print 'python', t2.timeit(number=1000000)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    test(100)

测试结果的例子

c 1.02756714821
python 7.90672802925

3.测试erlang的测试结果

刚刚学了erlang,那就一起测试一下erlang的运算性能
sum.erl:

-module(sum).
-export([sum/2,sum_test/2]).
sum(0,Sum) -> 
        Sum;
sum(Num,Sum) ->
        sum(Num-1,Sum+Num).
sum_test(Num,0) ->
        0;
sum_test(Num,Times) ->
        sum(Num,0),
        sum_test(Num,Times-1).

调用:

timer:tc(sum,sum_test,[100,1000000]).

测试结果的例子:

{2418486,0}

4.测试结果

用上面的测试方法,进行10次测试,去除最大值和最小值,再计算平均值,得出:

Python调用c 原生的c Python erlang
0.95 0.48 8.47 2.43
单位:秒
  • 求和的运行,使用的内存比较小,但是占用CPU资源比较多。
  • 原生的C是最快的,Python调用c会稍微慢一点,原因是计算100的和的操作是在c里面做的,而执行100万次的逻辑是在python做的
  • erlang的性能虽然比c稍慢,但是也是不错的,
  • Python的运行效率惨不忍睹。。。
posted @ 2016-01-11 13:03  Xjng  阅读(2949)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报